高龄健康老人147名人格心理特征调查

Personality and psychological characteristics of 147 aging people

目的:有针对性深入地了解高龄老年人的人格心理特征,为提高高龄老年人的身心健康状况,生活质量提供理论依据。方法:采用整群抽样调查方法,对2000-02/10郑州铁路局中心医院保健科参加体检的郑州铁路局机关及直属单位70岁以上离退休职工147名进行艾森克人格问卷和医院用焦虑抑郁量表,艾森克人格问卷有4个分量表组成:①内-外向。②神经质或情绪性。③精神质或倔强性。④掩饰或假托。医院用焦虑抑郁量表包含两个分量表:①焦虑。②抑郁。焦虑、抑郁两个分量表的分值划分为:0～7分属无症状,8分为临界值,8～10分症状可疑,11～21分存在症状。结果:共发放问卷147份,回收问卷147份,其中有效问卷131份。①高龄老年人医院用焦虑抑郁量表各分量表平均值均属正常范围,其中有抑郁情绪者占17.9%;有焦虑情绪者占21.6%,且多属轻度。②艾森克人格问卷结果显示,高龄男性在神经质或情绪性、精神质或倔强性分量表评分明显低于16～69岁常模组(7.88±4.51,10.06±4.62;3.40±3.00,6.08±3.22,t=-4.1964,-7.5033,P<0.001)、掩饰或假托分量表明显高于16～69岁常模组(16.23±2.63,13.90±5.77,t=7.2057,P<0.001),高龄女性神经质或情绪性、精神质或倔强性分量表评分明显低于16～69岁常模组(8.73±4.93,10.98±4.66;2.73±1.93,5.34±2.95,t=-2.9932,-8.0111,P<0.001),掩饰或假托、内外向分量表明显高于16～69岁常模组(14.96±3.36,11.99±3.50;11.54±4.79,9.03±4.12,t=5.7122,3.4787,P<0.001)。高龄男性掩饰或假托分量表评分高于女性(t=2.0591,P<0.05)。③焦虑与神经质或情绪性、精神质或倔强性呈正相关(r=0.6281,0.1476,P<0.001,0.05),与掩饰或假托、内外向无显著性相关(P>0.05),抑郁与神经质或情绪性、精神质或倔强性呈显著性正相关(r=0.3700,0.2136,P<0.001,0.01),与掩饰或假托、内外向呈负相关(r=-0.1540,-0.2046,P<0.05,0.01)。结论:高龄老年人的总体心理健康水平良好,无明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪。在艾森克人格问卷中,高龄老年人的精神质和神经质显著降低,情绪稳定,能较好适应环境;不良的人格特征,如高神经质和精神质易导致焦虑、抑郁的发生,而开朗外向、低掩饰性的人格会使抑郁性降低,减少抑郁症的发生。

AIM： To deeply study the personality and psychological characteristics of elders, so as to provide theoretical evidence for improving the physical and mental health status and quality of life （QOL） in aging people. METHODS： By means of cluster sampling, 147 retired aging people aged 70 and above in Zhengzhou Railway Bureau were measured with Eysenck personality questionnaire （EPQ） and hospital-used anxiety and depression scale between February and October 2000. EPQ consisted of 4 subseales： ①extraversion-introversion （EPQ-E）;② neuroticism or emotionality （EPQ- N）; ③psychoticism or stubbornness （EPQ-P）; ④Lie or feint （EPQ-L）. The hospital-used anxiety and depression scale included two subscales of anxiety and depression： 0-7 as no symptom, 8 as boundary score, 8-10 as doubtful symptom, 11-21 as having symptom. RESULTS： Totally 147 questionnaires were sent out, all were collected back, and 131 of them were valid. ①The average scores of the hospitalused anxiety and depression scale in the aging people were all in a normal range, including 17.9% had depression and 21.6% had anxiety, and most of them were mild. ② The scores of EPQ-N and EPQ-P in the aging males were obviously lower than those in the 16-69-year-old norm group （7.88±4.51, 10.06±4.62; 3.40±3.00, 6.08±3.22, t=-4.196 4, -7.5033, P 〈 0.001）, and the score of EPQ-L was obviously higher than that in the 16-69-yearold norm group （16.23±2.63, 13.90±5.77, t=7.205 7, P 〈 0.001）. The scores of EPQ-N and EPQ-P in the aging females were obviously lower than those in the 16-69-year-old norm group （8.73±4.93, 10.98±4.66; 2.73±1.93, 5.34±2.95, t=-2.993 2, -8.011 1, P 〈 0.001）, and the scores of EPQ-1, and EPQ-E were obviously higher than those in the 16-69-yearold norm group （14.96±3.36, 11.99±3.50; 11.54±4.79, 9.03±4.12, t=5.712 2, 3.478 7, P 〈 0.001）. The score of EPQ-L was higher in aging males than in aging females （t=2.059 1, P 〈 0.05）. ③Anxiety was positively correlated with neuroticism and psyehoticism （r=0.628 1, 0.147 6, P 〈 0.001, 0.05）, but had no significant correlations with lie and extraversion-introversion （P 〉 0.05）. Depression was significantly and positively correlated with neuroticism and psychoticism （r=0.370 0, 0.213 6, P 〈 0.001, 0.01）. but had negatively correlation with lie and extraversion-introversion （r=-0.154 0, -0.204 6, P 〈 0.05, 0.01）, CONCLUSION： The mental health level in aging people is good, and there is no obvious anxiety and depression. In EPQ, the psyehotieism and neurotieism of the aging people are significantly deereased, the emotion is stable, and they can better adapt to the environment, bad personality characteristics, such as psyehoticism and neurotieism, are easy to result in the occurrences of anxiety and depression; but extraversion and lower lie will decrease depressive symptom, and reduce the occurrence of depression.