宗教文化与心理治疗的相关问题

Religious culture and psychotherapy

目的:复习和回顾宗教文化与心理治疗的国内外文献,结合国内目前该领域的现状,探讨宗教文化的内涵、宗教文化与精神疾病的关系及与心理治疗的相关问题,使精神卫生专业人员能从生物、心理、社会文化的视野为心理障碍者提供更具文化适应性的康复服务。方法:检索Medline1995/2004年发表的关于宗教文化、精神病学及心理治疗文献为主,对相关的内容进行综述、讨论。结果:宗教文化是一种人类普遍的现象,在不同文化的群体体现出以精神性体验为特征的文化谱。宗教文化在心理疾病的发病及康复中具有双刃剑的作用,一方面可以使个体的精神系统因自我界限的丧失而表现出精神病态,另一方面,使个体精神系统走向进一步的发展和成熟。对宗教体验中不同意识状态的再整合达到进一步的精神成熟是心理治疗师和精神卫生人员值得尝试的努力。结论:宗教作为一种文化现象是一种客观的事实,宗教文化中的核心信念、认知图式、行为仪式通过文化的认同而内化到个体的精神结构中,影响个体的社会适应。精神卫生人员了解宗教文化与心理治疗的关系有助于对特定个体的精神障碍的理解,在心理治疗中利用宗教文化的更具适应性的一面,为心理障碍的个体提供更具文化适应性的心理卫生服务,使患者的精神功能达到新的整合。

AIM： Having reviewed the papers on the religious cuhure and psychotherapy from domestic and abroad researches of these area and with domestic academic state in this field, we try to explore the meaning of religious culture, the retlationship of religious culture and mental disorders and problems related to psychotherapy. The following article gives the mental health providers the perspective of explaining mental disorders from the standpoint of biopsyehusocial aspects, and provides the cultural- adjustable rehabilitation for the patients with mental disorders. METHODS： Medline from 1994 to 2003 was searched with the combination of each one of the key words： religion, culture, mental disorder and psychotherapy. Papers searched were reviewed and discussed. RESULTS： The phenomenon of religious eutture is common for human being, which is characterized by spiritual experience of people with different culture spectrum. The religious culture has dual roles for the etiology of mental disorders. On the one hand, it may make the person express psychotic symptoms when personal boundary has lost, the other hand, it may be the opportunity of further development and spiritual mature for the persons suffering from pain. Integration the alternated conscious state during spiritual experience and help to direct the further growth of spirituality may be the tasks worth to effort of psychotherapists and mental healthCONCLUSION： Religion as an culture phenomenon is an objective fact observed by all of us, the core belief, cognitive schema and behavior ritual in religious cultures have been internalized into personal psyche structure which affect the pattern of adjustment to environment. Understanding relationship between religious culture and psychotherapy and religious background of specific person can help mental health providers to explain the psychological symptoms, with the positive aspect of religious culture, mental health professional can provide culture-adjustable mental health service and help patients＇ personality to obtain a new integration by spiritual growth.