体育活动水平和体质状况与老年人生活质量的关系

Association of physical activity level and physical status with the quality of life in elderly people

目的:探讨不同体育活动水平和体质状况对老年人生活质量的影响。方法:于2002-11以广州市寿星大厦160例老年人为观察对象,年龄60～75岁,身体健康状况较好,有生活自理能力,精神正常,意识清晰,无明显的生理缺陷和重大疾病,具有从事一般体育活动的能力并同意接受调查,其中男72人,女88人,平均年龄(72±3)岁。根据老年人的体育活动水平分为活动组(118人)和不活动组(42人)。根据老年人的体质综合评价标准分为合格组(74人)和不合格组(86人)。采用SF-36生活质量量表(包括生理功能、社会功能、生理职能、情感职能、精神健康、活力、身体疼痛、总体健康8个领域)评定老年人的生活质量,评分标准为每一维度最大可能评分为100,最小可能评分为0,8个维度评分之和的均值为综合评分。得分越高所代表的功能损害越轻,生活质量越好。生活质量的总分为100分;60分以下为不合格,60～70分为合格,71～79分良好,80分以上为优秀。根据中国老年人体质综合评价标准中的9项指标进行体质监测,单项指标5分为优秀,4分为良好,3分为中等,2分为下等,1分以下为差,综合评价为单项指标的总分,30分以上为优秀,28～29分为良好,22～27分为合格,21分以下为不合格。主要观察体育活动水平和体质状况对老年人生活质量的影响,组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果:纳入160例老年人,全部进入结果分析。①生活质量与体质总体状况:广州市寿星大厦160例老年人生活质量不合格者占16%,优秀者占54%;体质状况不合格者占54%,优秀者占3%。②体育活动水平与生活质量的关系:在生活质量各维度中活动组老年人只有身体疼痛和活力显著高于不活动组(F=5.127～6.869,P≤0.01～0.05),而这种差异性也是由是否患病因素造成的与体育活动水平无关犤(F=4.238,P≤0.05),(F=1.672,P>0.05)犦。③体质状况与老年人生活质量的关系:生活质量各维度中,除身体疼痛和情感职能外,合格组其他各维度得分显著高于不合格组(F=9.539～21.495,P<0.001～0.01),不同体质水平老年人生活质量有极显著性差异(F=21.495,P≤0.001)。结论:体育活动水平本身的提高并不是改善生活质量的根本原因,体质状况与生活质量是从不同角度评价老年人健康状况的体系,体质状况比体育活动水平能更好地反映对生活质量造成的影响,因此体育活动只有通过提高体质才能从根本上改善老年人的生活质量。

AIM： To explore the effect of different level of physical activity and status of physical constitution on the quality of life （QOL） in elderly people. METHODS： In November 2002, 160 elderly people （72 males and 88 females） at an average age of （72±3） years were selected as the subjects, they all had between physical health status, had ability of self-care, normal mind and clear consciousness, had no obvious physiological deficit and severe disease, they could participate in common physical exercise, and voluntarily took part in the study. According to the level of physical exercise, the elderly people were divided into exercise group （n=118） and non-exercise group （n=72）; According to the standard score of physical constitution comprehensive evaluation, they were divided into qualified group （n=74） and unqualified group （n=86）. The QOL of the elderly people was evaluated with the 36-item short-form QOL scale （SF-36）, and their physical constitution was monitored with the 9 indexes in the physical constitution comprehensive evaluation for elderly people. The influences of the level of physical activity and status of physical constitution on the QOL of elderly people were observed. Univariate analysis of variance was used for the intergroup comparison. RESULTS： All the 160 elderly people were involved in the analysis of results. ① General status of QOL and physical constitution： Of the 160 elderly people, QOL was unqualified in 16% and excellent in 54%; physical constitution was unqualified in 54% and excellent in 3%. ② Correlation between the level of physical activity and QOL： The dimensions of body pain and activity were significantly higher in the exercise group than in the in non-exercise group （F=5.127-6.869, P≤0.01-0.05）, and the difference was caused by the existence of disease or not, and had no correlation with the level of physical activity （F=4,238, P≤0.05; F=1.672, P 〉 0.05）,③Correlation between physical constitution and QOL： Except body pain and emotional function, the other dimensions were significantly higher in the qualified group than in the unqualified group （F=9.539- 21.495, P 〈 0.001-0.01）, the QOI, was extremely and significantly different among the elderly people of different level of physical constitution （F=21.495, P≤0.001）, CONCLUSION： The increase of physical exercise level is not the fundamental reason of QOL improvement, physical constitution status and QOL are the system for evaluating the health status of elderly people from different angles. Physical constitution level can better reflect the influence on QOL than physical exercise level, so physical exercise can only improve the QOL of elderly people through improve their physical constitution status, quality of life of the aged in different constitution status has significant difference. Physical activity may improve QOL by altering the