健身锻炼延缓衰老的免疫学机制

Immunological mechanism of body building in delaying aging

目的:衰老指生命周期中随着年龄增长而发生的功能衰退,有研究表明,在整个衰老进程中,机体的免疫系统将随之发生一系列的功能退化现象。本文旨在从免疫学方面探讨健身锻炼对延缓衰老的作用。资料来源:应用计算机网络检索Medline1990-01/2004-10关于运动与免疫功能关系的文章,检索词:“immunityfunction,exercise,lymphocyte,interleukin”,限定语言种类为English。同时利用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1994-01/2004-10和维普全文数据库1986-01/2004-10的相关文章,检索词:“免疫,运动,淋巴,白细胞介素”,语言种类为中文和英语,同时在学校图书馆和中南大学湘雅医学院图书馆手工查阅相关资料和书籍。资料选择:对资料进行初审,纳入标准:①关于免疫系统的衰老过程及其变化。②有关健身锻炼与免疫系统关系的研究。排除标准:排除重复性研究。资料提炼:共收集到符合上述要求的文献59篇,排除20篇重复性研究,纳入39篇,其中7篇关于免疫系统的衰老过程及其变化;4篇除运动以外的其他增强免疫功能的方法;21篇关于适度的健身锻炼与机体免疫功能;10篇关于过度运动与机体免疫功能。资料综合:免疫系统是个庞大的机构,机体衰老时免疫系统表现在各个组成部分的功能下降,目前出现了许多从免疫学角度抵抗衰老的方法,如:控制饮食、药物治疗、中医方法、健身锻炼等手段。其中健身锻炼是当前抗衰老研究的热点。结论:免疫系统的衰老主要表现为:胸腺退化和萎缩;T、B细胞数量减少;自然杀伤细胞、粒细胞、吞噬细胞的活性降低;免疫球蛋白水平下降等等,这些都能导致免疫功能降低,但科学的健身锻炼能良好的调整免疫系统的功能,以达到延缓衰老的目的。

OBJECTIVE：Aging refers to the inactive function of organism＇s ability as age grows in life cycle. In the aging proeess, there will be a series of the phenomenon of functional deterioration in the immune system. The paper was to investigate the role of body building in delaying aging from the aspect of immunnlngy. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of Medline database was under taken to identify articles about the relationship between body building and immunological function published in English between January 1990 and October 2004 by using the keywords of “immunity function, exereise, lymphoeyte, interleukin”. Meanwhile, Chinese and English relevant articles published from January 1986 to October 2004 were searched in China journal full-text database and Vip full-text database with the keywords of “immunity function, body building, lympbocyte, interleukin”. The relevant data were also consulted manually in libraries of Hunan Normal University and South China University. STUDY SELECTION： The literatures about body building and immunity function were selected primarily, Inclusive eriteria：① articles about the aging process of immune system an the changes;② about the correlation between body building and aging. Exclusive criteria： repetitive studies. DATA EXTRACTION： There were 59 literatures in accordance with the inelusive criteria, 39 were selected, 20 of them were excluded due to the repetition nf the same researeh. Of the selected literatures, 7 were the transformations as aging proeess of immune system, 4 were the other methods to delay aging except fnr physical exercise, 21 regard to immunity and scientific or rational exercise, 10 were the relation of immunity function and excessive training. DATA SYNTHESIS： hnmune system is a huge institution, aging of organs manifested by the functional deterioration of all the components in immune system. There are many methods （dietary control, drug therapy, traditional Chinese medicine methods, body building, etc.） to delay aging process at present, and body building becomes a hot spot in the research at the moment. CONCLUSION： The main manifestations of aging of immune system are the degeneration and atrophy of thymus gland, the decreased number of T and B cells, and the decreased activity of natural killer cells, granulocytes and phagocytes, and reduced level of immunoglobulins, which all can lead to the deerease of immunological function. Even so. seientific body building may delay the aging proeess by good regulation of immunological function.