宋明儒学动物伦理四项基本原则之研究

The Four Fundamental Principles in the Animal Ethics of Song and Ming Confucianism

万物一体是宋明儒学的基本精神,在一体“不忍”之仁心的推致过程之中必然涉及人类之外的其他生命的问题。在面临箪食豆羹,得则生,不得则死,不能两全的困境下,儒者不得不“忍心”选择牺牲某些生命,“忍”与“不忍”背后牵涉到宋明儒动物伦理的一些基本原则,这些基本原则决定了宋明儒“生杀得正”、“不可太生拣择”的对待动物的态度。从现代的语境重新审视这些原则,其中知性的缺憾与不戒杀的理据皆成了问题。

Seeing all sentient lives as a unified whole is the fundamental ethics of the Ming and Song Confucianism. To carry out such ethics, compassion should be extended to other forms of life, However, when human beings are reduced to dying starvation, it is suggested that animals can be sacrificed for the survival of human beings. There are some obvious contradictions behind the animal ethics of the Ming and Song Confucianism, which are to be laid bare in this paper.