彝民通过电视的仪式——对一个彝族村落“电视与生活”关系的民族志研究

The Yis in the Process of the Introduction of Television: An Ethnological Study of the Relationship between “Television and Life” at a Yi Village

通过把电视植入某个社区的过程视为该社区通过电视的仪式,可以将大众传播视为社区在现代宿命的、必然要“通过”的“仪式”,是在面临大众传媒、尤其是电视所带来的种种变化和现象时,社区为标识、定位、解释这些现象和变化,进而调整自己以适应这种现象和变化而做出的种种社会性行为。展示一个彝族村落中“电视与生活”关系的民族志表明:电视与村落的生活一直处于相互建构的过程中,村民按照自己的方式将电视纳入当地生活,同时村民们也渐渐调整自己的生活和文化结构以适应电视。

The process of the introduction of television to a community can be regarded as the ritual through which this community has passed, that is, mass communication can be regarded as modernistic, fatalistic and necessary “ritual” a given community has to pass through. This ritual refers to various social activities of a community that tries to signify, determine and interpret the various changes and phenomena brought about by the mass media, especially television, in order to adapt itself to them. This ethnological study of the relationship between “television and life” at a Yi village reveals that television and village life （including the system of local culture） are always in the process of mutual construction： the villagers have accepted television in their life in their own way while adapting their life and culture under the influence of television.