试论《墨子》和《周易》的节俭思想

A Tentative Analysis of the Ideology of Frugality in Mo-tse and the Book of Change

《墨子》和《周易》都是我国古代重要的文献典籍,包含有十分丰厚的思想内容。《墨子》有“俭节则昌,淫佚则亡”之论。《周易》蕴涵了丰富的节俭思想,如有“俭德辟难”的训导,还专设了一个《节》卦,很重视节俭。《周易.节》是墨家节俭、节用、节财思想的最早源头,这一点,无论从卦辞,还是爻辞上都可得到说明。中国古代节俭思想中的许多内容,都可以在《墨子》和《周易》中找到蛛丝马迹,尤其是尚节、尚用、兴利等,在《墨子》、《周易》中皆可见其端绪。

Both Mo-tse and The Book of Change are important literature works in ancient China, comprising rich and abundant ideological contents. The Mohists advocated a principle that ＂frugality leads to prosperity, while extravagance may bring forth ruin. ＂ Mo-tse summarized historical experience and lessons to demonstrate the point that frugality is an indispensable prerequisite for a nation＇s prosperity, while lascivious extravagance would undoubtedly lead to the ruin of a nation. This has been well testified by the rise and fall of subsequent dynasties. The Book of Change contains rich ideology of frugality. Most contents concerning the ideology of frugality in ancient China could be traced in Mo-tse and The Book of Change. The ideology of frugality is regarded as a basic measure to manage state affairs in Mo-tse and The Book of Change, and carries great significance to be used for good reference in the construction of China＇s modernization.