安全社会学与社会学基本理论

Safety/security-sociology and Fundamentally Sociological Theories

安全社会学即是将安全问题与社会学知识结合起来,把安全看做一种社会过程,研究安全问题的社会原因、社会过程、社会效应及其本质规律。无论古典社会学还是现代社会学,无论社会学结构主义还是社会学建构主义,都长期在探讨个人—社会关系中的行动、理性、结构、系统4个方面,因此,安全社会学同样需要研究安全行动、安全理性、安全结构、安全系统。基于4个视角而不断涌现的社会问题说、哈贝马斯沟通行动论和系统-生活世界理论、吉登斯和贝克的风险社会理论、越轨社会学、社会冲突论、集合行为理论、女性主义和社会性别学等都直接为安全社会学提供了社会学的理论依据。

Safety/security-sociolcgy is a subject which cornbines various safety/security problems with sociological knowledge. It regards safety/security as a social process, studying social causes, social process, social effects and essence, and lawof safety/ security problems. Either classical or modem sociology, and either sociological strucmralism or constructionist, they are always probing into four aspects of behavior, rationality, structure and system between individuality and society. Accordingly, safety/security-sociology also needs to study safety/security behavior, safety/security rationality, safety/security structure and safety/security system. Based on these four aspects, there have come forth lots of theories which provide theoretic basis for safety/security-sociology. These theories include doctrine of social problem, Habermas＇ communicationism system-life world, Giddens＇ and Beck＇ s risky society theory, aberrance sociology, social conflict theory, collective behavior theory, feminism and social gender, etc.