论昭君故事的三重叙述模式与审美体系

On the Three Main Narrative Patterns and Aesthetic Systems of Zhaojun's Story

对于昭君故事的解读,史家重在客观真实的记录,着眼于汉朝与匈奴的民族关系;文人则是结合自身的主体意识,开启昭君故事的情感与艺术空间,借“咏昭君”表达自身的人生价值观与审美情趣;而在民间,昭君故事被劳动人民编织成众多神奇绚丽的传说,把昭君理想化、神化,体现了劳动人民追求幸福生活的美好愿望与积极进取的乐观主义精神。史家、文人及民间的不同解读构成了昭君故事的三大叙述模式与审美体系,表现为史家求“真”、文人尚“悲”、民间重“乐”。

From Han and Tang Dynasties to Song and Yuan Dynasties,The interpretation of Wang Zhaojun＇s story varies greatly among different groups of people. Historians focus on the objective narration of the relationship between Han Dynasty and Xiongnu, while literates explore the emotional and artistic value by involving their subjective consciousness. By chanting Wang Zhaojun, they provide us their own view of life and aesthetic spice, and reflect various fields of society and aspects of life as well. Comparatively,the version of the story passed on by ordinary people is transformed into a kind of legend. They not only idealize and deify Wang Zhaojun,but also express their sincere wish for a happy life and strong optimism towards ups and downs. These three sorts of interpretation with different cultural backgrounds and value orientations create a complete comprehension of Zhaojun＇s story,and thus make up the three main narrative patterns and aesthetic systems. In a word,Historians value the truth in history, literates stress the influence on human mentality and ordinary people pursue the optimistic spirit in the life.