曾国藩理学思想发微

A Thorough Analysis on Zeng Guofan's Theory

本文从曾国藩书信、日记、家书、诗文等文献中梳理出一个包括本体论、认识论、修养论在内的较为完整的理学思想体系,回答了学术界长期存在的曾国藩是否有自己的理学体系、是否算一个严格意义上的理学家的疑问。通过条分缕析曾氏理学与程朱理学的区别与联系,文章认为曾国藩理学的主体内容是继承宋学而来,但也有他自己的发明与创造。具体表现在:在性命理论上,反对空谈性理,更重视理学观念的实践,实用色彩鲜明;在认识论上,以“实事求是”的观点改造程朱关于“格物”的认知;在修养论上,调和了理学内部关于主静与主敬的分歧,提出敬中致静、动中求静、在理学义理的践履中追求心灵安静的观点。

This paper is to summarize a comparatively complete theoretical system, including ontology, epistemology, and discussion of self discipline through the text of Zen Guofan＇ s literatures such as correspondences, diaries, family letters, poems, to answer the long puzzling question in the academia, that is, whether Zen Guofan has his own theoretical system or not, and whether he can be called a proper expert or not. Through thorough analysis on the differences and relations between Zeng＇s and Cheng Zhu＇s, a viewpoint is held in this paper that the main content of Zen Guofan＇ s theory was inherited from the study of Song, but Zeng has his own discovery and creation, for example, in the theory of life, Zeng opposes empty talks, but prefers the practicing of the theory, which hightlights the practicality. On epistemology, Zeng reconstructs Cheng Zhu＇ s understanding of the phenomena of nature, with the viewpoint of being practical and realistic. As to the discussion of self discipline, he proposes the inner divarication on contestation of peace or respect in the Theory, proposing that people should obtain peace by devoting his respect, should ask for peace through actions, and should pursue peace to their heart by fulfilling the argumentation in the neo-Confucianism.