爆破工程地质灾害及其防治

The geological hazard of blasting engineering and its prevention

因爆破作用而产生的诸如岩体失稳、爆破作用方向改变、爆破飞石、爆破地震波等爆破工程地质灾害,对工程建设和环境产生了不同程度的影响,并日益受到人们的关注。基于爆破工程地质学理论研究及生产实践,作者提出爆破工程地质灾害的基本概念,系统分析爆破工程地质灾害的形成原因、机制、条件以及爆破工程地质灾害类型。在此基础上,提出了避免或减轻产生爆破工程地质灾害的具体措施。即必须重视和加强爆破工程地质勘测研究工作,正确运用爆破岩体工程地质力学原理,分析、评价爆破工程地质条件,预测爆破效果、质量及可能发生的爆破工程地质灾害,有效控制炸药能量与爆破岩体介质之间的相互作用和效果,最大限度地避免爆破工程地质灾害的产生。

The geological hazards of blasting engineering, such as the losing steady of rockmass, flying stones of blasing and the vibration, affect to the engineering conctruction and the environment. Based on the theortical study and the practice of engineering blasting, a basic concept of the blasting engineering geological hazard is putted forward. And the type, formation mechanism and formation condition of the blasting engineering geological hazards are systematically expounded. The concrete measures of avoiding or reducing blasting engineering geological hazard are brought forward. Namely the blasting engineering geological investigation must be taken seriously and strengthened. And the principle of blasting engineering geological mechanics must be right applied to analyse the blasting engineering geology term, predict the blasting result, and validate the effect between the the explosive energy and rock medium. At the same time, the geological hazard of blasting engineering must be avoided to the greatest extent.