基于RFPA^(2D)的采动区水资源流失控制方法研究

Research on controlling methods of water resource running off in mining areas based on RFPA^(2D)

在国矿、地方煤矿和个体煤矿相继开采条件下,阜新矿区八家子自然村附近地下水水位下降到地表以下43m,导致民井断水。文章运用RFPA2D分析系统,以断水现象为例,通过对此系列采矿活动数值模拟分析,阐述了覆岩应力变化与采动裂隙发育的关系。结果表明,采动裂隙的发育(生成、扩张和贯通)及其延伸范围,与开采方式、开采层位和地下开采条件下地下岩体应力场不断变化密切相关。随着采区不断扩大、位置不断抬高导致采动裂隙扩张和贯通,使不同的水文地质单元联合,为浅部地下水迅速流失和地下水水位快速下降创造了有利条件,造成采动区及其附近区域水资源持续流失、向深部采空区渗流汇集。由于在不同的采矿阶段,水资源流失的程度和地下水水位下降的幅度是不同的,应该采取相应的控制方法,例如,在采掘前和初期应该合理设计采掘工作面、合理预留保护煤柱;在采掘中达到较大采空区时应采取实时控制措施、堵塞渗流裂隙;最后进行综合治理。

After national coal, local coal and individual coal exploitation actions one after the other, the water table at Fuxin Bajiazi village fell to 43m under surface, inducing well water broken off. Through numerical simulation analyses on these exploitation actions, using the RFPA^2D analysis system, taking underground water breaking off phenomena as an example, this article expounds the relation of rock stress changes with the development of excavating crannies. The result shows that exploitation crannies development （creating, expanding, and transfixion） and their extending scope are closely correlated with the exploitation mode, exploitation position and underground rock stress field unceasing-changing under underground exploitation conditions. Mining area expanding and mining area position＇s raising leaded to exploitation crannies expanding and transfixion, united different hydrologic and gelolgic cells, created advantageous conditions for underground water running off and underground water table going down fleetly, caused water resource running off and influx to deep mining area and its circumjacent area. Because in different mining phases the degree of water resource＇ s running off and the range of underground water going down are different, we should take corresponding methods to control it. For example, before the mining and in initial stage of mining, we should design exploitation working-face and coal column reasonably. In exploitation phase, when mining area becomes more and more large, we should adopt real-time control methods to jam the seepage crannies. Finally, we should take comprehensive methods to control the hazard.