试论钟嵘《诗品》的“滋味说”

On Zhong Rong′s Theory of "Tasting" in Poetry Appreciation

钟嵘在他的诗歌理论批评专著《诗品》中,通过对选入其中的一百二十二位诗歌作者及其作品的评论,充分肯定了五言诗的形式,打破了那种认为四言为“正宗”、五言为“流调”的保守观念,起到了针砭颓风、矫讹归正的积极作用。同时,作者提出了其品评诗歌的原则———“滋味说”,其实质就是主观与客观的统一,内容与形式的统一。它既是诗歌创作的学说,也是审美的原则,更是品评诗歌的准则。总之,“滋味说”是一个严密的诗评体系。

In his poetic critique “Shipin” （poetry appreciation） ,Zhong Pong, the critic, challenges the conservative and somewhat prejudiced thinking that views pentasyllabic regulated verse as rustic compared with four-char acter verse conventionally regarded by many as highbrow, and affirms the form of pentasyllabic regulated verse and gives it its due. Zhong＇s thinking, therefore, plays a positive role in breaking free from the deprived customs and rectifying the corrupted morals. Besides,Zhong Rong advances, in the same critique, his thoery of “tasting” in poetic appreciation,which essentially advocates the unity of subjective and objective, content and form. His thoery serves not only as one of poetic creation and aesthetical judgement but as one of poetic judgement and appreciation. In brief,“ tasting”, as a complete and well-knitted system of poetic judgement and appreciation, is just what this paper intends to explore and expound.