崇明东滩芦苇的生态特征及其演替过程的分析

Study on the Ecological Characters of Phragmites communis and Its Succession in the Eastern End of Chongming Island, Shanghai

2002年12月～2003年12月,分别在春夏秋冬四个季节对上海市崇明东滩98堤外及堤内湿地恢复生态示范区的芦苇群落的生态特征进行了调查.结果表明,芦苇是本湿地恢复生态示范区中的主要组成种,其盖度达到70%,密度最大为211.83支/m2,最高生物量为1783.8g/m2,是初级生产力的主要组成部分.在2003年6月以后由于湿地生态示范区内鱼塘水被放干,碱篷和结缕草侵入,群落进入陆生演替阶段.并对湿地恢复和重建工程中人为干扰所造成植物群落的陆生演替进行了主成分分析,证明本地的湿地环境一旦陆化以后植物群落的演替十分迅速,据此我们为生态示范区的植物群落管理措施提出技术性的建议.

During December 2002-December 2003, we sampled Phragmites communis distributed outside and inside of the seawall for four seasons in the Eastern End of Chongming Island, Shanghai. The research results indicated that Phragmites communis is dominant species of the local ecosystem. Its cover reaches to 70% and density is up to 211.83 shoots/m^2 and biomass is over 1 783.8 g/m^2. It is the main parts of elementary productivity in the area. After June 2003, the area was invaded by the Suaeda glauca and Zoysia japonica rapidly soon after the water of fish-ponds behind of the seawall was draught out, thus we analyze this succession of the biotic community with Principle Component Analysis （PCA） and demonstrate such a succession would be completed in a very short period and Suada glauca may replace Phragmites communis when the wetland become dry. Based on this results, we raise the recommendations on the wetland management in the coming restoration project in this area.