上古“是"判断句与“此”判断句之比较

A Comparison Between the Judgement Sentences of Shi(是)and Ci(此)in Remote Ages

“是”“此”都可处于判断句句首,但调查显示“是”出现于判断句首的比率很高,“此”却很低。“是”主要出现于谓词性词语前,“此”主要出现于名词性词语前。“此”为一个单纯的指代词,“是”则不是单纯的指代词,它还具有超出指代性的语法特性。“是”之所以发展为判断词,正是由于它自身这一内在特性发展的结果。

Both Shi（是） （this or to be） and Ci（此） （this） could be at the beginning of a sentence. However, according to the statistical data, Shi（是） is at much greater rate at the beginning of a sentence than Ci（此）. In general, Shi（是） takes its place before predicate words, while Ci （此） before noun words. Ci（此） is a pure demenstrative pronoun, while Shi＇s（是） grammatical characteristic is beyond that of demenstrative pronoun. Such an inner characteristic is why Shi（是） became a word of judgment later.