论东南方言发展史中南迁与族群的关系

Some Aspects of the Theories on Dialectal History of Southeastern China

传统的历史主义语言观认为,南方地区吴、闽、客、赣、粤等方言是不同地域的北方汉人在不同历史时期南迁所用的汉语发展而来。这种观点的基础是通过对现存方言事实与《广韵》音系的比较来构拟古今语言结构对应关系;而族群互动的文化史观则认为,南方汉语方言并非汉语,强调南方土著民族语言在这些方言形成中的重要作用。实际上,东南诸方言在上千年的历史形成与发展过程中,都不可能是北方汉人带来的“纯正”的中原汉语,南方各民族都有不同程度的融合,而在族群的融合中,每种方言都在混化、交融的过程中走过了自己独特的发展道路。

With respect to the origin and development of southern dialects is China,the traditional viewpoint of historicalism holds that the southem dialects come from the ancient northern Chinese language and its dialects,and this conclusion is drawn by the means of historical comparison of dialectal data and medieval phonological book‘Qieyun’.But an opposite theory insists that the southem dialects are not descendants of Chinese language family and were born from one ancient southern language.The latter plays emphasis upon the relation between northern Chinese societies and southern ethnic groups.This paper is devoted to reviewing two theories above and inclines to the view that southern dialects did not completely come from the pure ancient Chinese of central China and was assimilated with ancient southern ethnic vernaculars in the course of historical development.