黄土区森林植被对坡面径流和侵蚀产沙的影响

Effects of forest vegetation on runoff and sediment production on sloping lands of Loess area.

根据山西省吉县蔡家川流域1985～2003年9个径流小区的降雨产流产沙的定位观测资料,分析了植被对流域坡面尺度降雨产流产沙的影响.结果表明,坡面自然更新的次生林比人工刺槐林具有更好的涵养水源和保持水土功能,场降雨产流量和产沙量分别减少约65%～82%和23%～92%;多元回归分析表明,场降雨产流量和产沙量与降雨量和雨强均呈良好的相关关系,但随着林分郁闭度增大,相关关系减小.不同地类的降雨产流产沙差异显著,虎榛子灌木林和天然次生林最少,而人工刺槐、油松林约是虎榛子灌木林的5倍,果农复合经营模式的产流产沙量分别是虎榛子灌木林的17.14倍和3.96倍;果农复合经营模式在高质量、大工程整地后产流产沙明显减少.对坡面产流产沙的影响因子灰色关联分析,林分郁闭度和草本、枯落物生物量对坡面产流产沙影响显著,关联度值均大于0.6.

Based on the 1985- 2003 fixed-position data in 9 runoff plots of Caijiachuan watershed in the Jixian county of Shanxi Province in loess area, this paper discussed the relationships between vegetation and runoff and sediment production on sloping lands of loess area. The results showed that natural-secondary forest had better function in soil and water conservation than artifical Robinia pseudoacacia forest, with runoff and sediment produced 65 % 82 % and 23 % - 92 %, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that runoff and sediment production had a significant correlation with rainfall and its intensity, but this relationship was decreased gradually with increasing canopy density. Different land-use type had different runoff and sediment production, e. g., Ostryopsis davidiana and natural-secondary forests had the least runoff and sediment production, artificial Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabulaeformis forests had 5 folds of it as much as Ostryopsis davidiana forest, mixed apple trees and crops had 17.14 and 3.96 folds of it than Ostryopsis davidiana forest, respectively, while high-standard soil preparation could decrease the production obviously. Gray correlation analysis suggested that the stand canopy density and the biomass of herb and litter were the most important factors affecting the runoff and sediment production on sloping land, whose gray correlation degrees all exceeded 0.6. Mixed forest with multi-layer stand structure and shrub forest should be developed in vegetation re-construction of loess area, which could help to increase the coverage and litter thickness to dramatically decrease the runoff and sediment production on sloping land.