战后日本资助私立高等教育的策略与模式

Strategies and Modes of Subsidizing Private Higher Education in Japan After World WarⅡ

战前日本,私立高等教育作为国立、公立高等教育的一种辅助形式,政府不仅没有给予应有的资助,而且还对私立高等教育严加管制。二战后,由于私立高等教育在国家经济和科技发展中的巨大作用日益加强,以及国立、公立高校教育存在"严进宽出"等招生和培养问题,加之教育民主化运动的发展,国家转向对私立高校提供资助,借助私立高等教育为国家发展战略服务。

Before World War II, private higher education served only as a complementary role of the state - run public higher education. The government did not only provide it with due subsidy,but also placed strict control over it. The political atmosphere of “the official being superior and the private, inferior” hindered the development of private universities. After World War Ⅱ, owing to the increasingly important role that private higher education played in the national economy and development in science and the development of educational democracy movement as well as the flaws of staterun universities such as “strict in admission and easy to graduate”,the Japanese government turned to provide subsidy to private universities.