护士工作压力、应对方式与心理健康水平的关系

Nurses′ Stress and Coping Style:Characteristics and its Relationship with Mental Health

目的:考察护士工作压力源、工作压力、应对方式与心理健康水平的关系。方法:采用方便取样法,使用护士工作压力源量表、Folkman 和Lazarus 的应对方式量表(WOC)和一般健康问卷(GHQ—20)对某省六所医院的599名护士进行调查。结果:医院护士的工作压力源共有五个维度,即专业性质压力、工作量压力、护理技术要求压力、护患关系压力和护理管理及医护关系压力。护士工作压力、应对方式和心理健康水平存在人口学差异,工作年限长、担任护士长职务和大专以上学历的护士工作压力更大.工作年限长和大专以上学历的护士更倾向于使用积极的压力应对方式,一般护士的心理健康水平更高。工作压力和应对方式对心理健康水平有预测作用。护理工作量及环境资源维度的工作压力越大,护士的自我肯定水平越低,自我肯定水平低的护士更倾向于寻求社会支持;护理工作性质维度压力越大,护士抑郁水平越高,积极使用理智应对方式的护士. 抑郁水平较低;在护理工作性质、工作量和医护人际关系三个维度的工作压力较大的护士,焦虑水平均较高。结论:护士的工作压力水平和应对方式对心理健康水平的三个维度有不同的预测作用。

Objective： To study job stress and coping ways of nurses, as well as their relationships with mental health. Methods： 599 nurses fi＇om general hospitals were collected and evaluated with psychometric instruments including Nurse Stress Inventory, Ways of Coping Inventory, and GHQ-20 Questionnaire. Results： Nurses job stressors had five dimensionalities. Demographic characteristics had significant effects to job stress, ways of coping and mental health. Job stress positively predicted depression and anxiety, negatively predicted self-affirm. Coping ways of abreaction and seeking social support positively and negatively predicted self-affirm, separately. Coping ways of intellectual reply positively predicted depression. Conclusion： Job stress and ways of coping were predictors of mental health among nurses.