建筑物内人员安全疏散“性能化”评价方法的研究

Study on evaluation of safety evacuation in buildings based on performances

安全疏散设计是建筑防火设计的重要方面,而建筑安全疏散评价对于确保火灾中人员的生命安全具有重要意义。本文基于“性能化”防火设计的思想,对影响建筑安全疏散的因素进行了分析,并对安全疏散的必要性能和评价程序进行较为全面的研究,其中包括烟气的评价、人员疏散能力的评价、疏散路线合理性的评价、疏散对策的评价等,最后以具体的案例进行了分析,目的在于为我国“性能化”防火设计提供理论及方法上的指导与帮助。

Fire protection design is one of the most important aspects in building design, so it is very essential to carry out safety evacuation evaluation for persons in a building fire. This paper analyses the factors affecting safety evacuation in buildings from the viewpoints of performanced - based design and discusses the necessary performances and evaluation programmes of safety evacuation, including smoke production and spreading, escaping ability of persons, escaping routes and escaping policy. Finally an example is given to show how to use computer simulating methods in crowd evacuation . The paper aims to give some guides of performanced - based design to our country both in theory and method. The paper includes the following contents ： （ 1 ） Evaluation of safety evacuation mainly lie in： building design, crowd ability and fire scenario. （2） Smoke plays a very important role in escaping, so the time of smoke falling to a critical height is essential. （3）Clear escaping routes is necessary in safety evacuation, for example “bottle- neck” is an impediment for evacuation. （4） Traditional calculation methods can not give correct evacuation time, now applying computer in simulating evacuation is very popular.