职业危害现状与对策分析

Analysis of current situation and measures in occupational danger

本文陈述了我国职业危害作业场所多、涉及面广、职业病患者多的现状,阐述了职业病防治技术和能力落后、有毒有害工种和工序转移、预防性工作审核不严等产生职业危害的原因;论述了职业病危害由城市向农村、由东部向西部、由大企业向小企业的转移倾向和职业病发病年龄呈现年轻化及新兴职业相关疾病发生的特点,提出相应的预防和控制职业危害的对策。

The present occupational situation in our country of numerous danger working places, extensive distribution and considerable patients is reported, the masons are summarized as the outdated techniques and ability on prevention, the occupational danger changes varied with the working types and procedures and the lack of strictness on occupational risk assessment. The trends are also described in the paper that from the urban to the rural, from the east to the west, from large to small scaled factories, from old to young average ages of the occupational patients as well as the appearance of some new occupational related diseases. The following solutions are recommended： 1. to emphasize the occupational prevention on the peasant workers in the urban and the workers in the rural; 2. to control the occupational danger changes by legislation; 3. to strengthen the work on the occupational risk assessment; 4. to establish an integrate system of occupational insurance covering the expenses of prevention, treatment and recovery to occupational diseases; 5. to reform the administration system, to improve the work environment and to reduce occupation dangers.