不同就业价值观医学生心理健康状况及其个性特征

Mental health status and personality characteristics of medical college students with different viewpoints of job choosing

目的:分析具有不同就业价值观的医学生的心理健康状况及其人格因素特征。方法:以南方医科大学2004-08/12在校大学生为调查对象,将具有不同就业价值观的563名医学生分为3组。①外在动机组(n=243):就业首要考虑条件为经济收入、能学到更多东西。②内在动机组(n=282):就业首要考虑条件为符合自己目前所学专业、有利于才能发挥、兴趣。③动机不强组(n=38):从来没考虑这个问题。采用自编大学生一般情况调查问卷(包括性别、年级、家庭出生、是否独生子女和被试者的就业价值观念)调查参与者就业观念。采用康奈尔健康问卷评价心理健康情况,采用自评抑郁量表衡量抑郁状态的轻重程度,采用焦虑自评量表测量焦虑状态的轻重程度,采用艾森克个性问卷测定个性特征。对3组间的康奈尔医学指数总分、精神症状分、焦虑标准分、抑郁指数、精神质分、神经质分、内外向分进行了方差分析,再进行多重比较分析,对3组间的人口学差异进行了卡方检验。结果:共发放问卷569份,其中有漏填选项问卷6份,被视为不完整问卷,对完整问卷563份进行了统计分析,进入结果分析率为98.9%。①3组心理健康情况测评结果比较:外在动机组的学生其精神症状分、康奈尔医学指数总分、抑郁指数、焦虑标准分均显著高于内在动机组的学生犤(8.39±6.60,5.71±5.22),(22.30±15.62,17.41±12.30),(0.42±0.09,0.40±0.08),(38.63±6.51,35.96±5.88),F=5.37～13.37,P均<0.05犦;动机不强组的学生在精神症状分、抑郁指数均显著高于内在动机组(7.21±5.98,0.43±0.08,P均<0.05)。②3组个性因子分调查结果比较:内在动机组“精神质”维度得分明显低于外在动机组和动机不强组(3.41±2.10,4.43±2.67,4.08±2.19,F=12.23,P均<0.05);内在动机组“神经质”维度得分明显低于外在动机组(6.58±3.99,8.24±4.81,F=9.46,P<0.05);内在动机组“内外向”维度得分明显高于外在动机组和动机不强组(11.52±4.62,10.31±4.50,10.97±4.33,F=4.65,P<0.05)。结论:内在动机组的学生心理健康状况相对较好,外在动机组和动机不强组心理健康状况相对较差;具有不同就业价值观的医学生在“神经质”、“精神质”、“内外向”三个维度上均呈现显著差异,人格因素能通过影响学习动机来影响就业价值观。

AIM： To analyze the mental health status and personality characteristics of medical college students with different viewpoint of job choosing. METHODS： Between August and December 2004, 563 students with different viewpoint of job choosing in Southern Medical University were investigated, and they were divided into 3 groups： ① external motivation group （n=243）： their first thinking in job choosing was earning and learning; ②internal motivation group （n=282）： their first thinking in job choosing was accord their speciality, exert faculty and interest; ③ low motivation group （n=38）： they had never considered this question. The viewpoint of job choosing of the students was surveyed with the self-designed general information inventory for university students （including gender, grade, family background, the only child or not, and the viewpoint of job choosing）.Their mental health status was evaluated with the Connell health questionnaire, the severity of depressive status was measured with the self-ratlng depression scale, the severity of anxious status was measured with the selfrating anxiety scale, and the personality characteristics were assessed with the Eysenck personality questionnaire. The analysis of variance of the total score of Connell medical index, score of mental symptom, standard score of anxiety, depressive index, scores of psychotocism, neuroticism and introversion extraversion among the 3 groups was undertaken, and then the multiple comparative analysis was carried out; The demographic differences among the 3 groups were examined with the chi-square test, RESULTS： Total 569 questionnaires were sent out, 6 were taken as incomplete questionnaires for some items were lost, and 563 complete questionnaires were statistically analyzed, the analytical rate in the results was 98.9%, ① Comparison of mental health status among the 3 groups： The score of mental symptom, total score of Connell medical index, depressive index, standard score of anxiety were all significantly higher in the external motivation group than in the internal motivation group [（8.39±6.60,5.71 ±5.22）,（22.30±15.62, 17.41±12.30）,（0.42＋0.09,0.40±0.08）,（38.63±6.51,35.96±5.88）, F=5.37 to 13,37, P 〈 0.05]; The score of mental symptom and the depressive index in the low motivation group were significantly higher than those in the internal motivation group （7.21±5.98, 0.43±0.08, P 〈 0.05）. ② Comparison of the score of personality factors among the 3 groups： The score of “psychoticism” dimension was obviously lower in the internal motivationgroup than in the external motivation group and low motivation group [（3.41±2.10,4.43±2.67, 4.08＋2.19）, F=12.23, P 〈 0.05]; The score of “neuroticism” dimension was obviously lower in the internal motivation group than in the external motivation group （6.58±3.99,8.24±4.81,F=9.46, P 〈 0.05）; The score of “introversion-extraversion” dimension was obviously lower in the external motivation group than in the internal motivation group and low motivation group （11.52±4.62,10.31±4.50,10.97±4.33,F=4.65,P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The mental health status of the students with internal motivation is relatively better, and those of student with external motivation and low motivation are relatively worse. There are significant differences in the dimensions of “neuroticism”, “psychoticism” and “introversion-extraversion” among the medical college students with different viewpoints of job choosing. Personality factor can influence the viewpoint of employment through influencing their learning motivation.