当代大学生同理心的特点

Characteristics of empathy in modern college students

目的:探讨大学生的同理心特点,对同理心实证性研究有所借鉴性意义。方法:2004-09/11以整群取样方式在浙江省某学院大学生中选取436人,采用人际反应性指标台湾修订版测量(共有22题,分成观点采择、同情关怀、幻想力、身心忧患4个因素)。①应用LISREL8.53作验证性因素分析,通过理论模型与实际数据的拟合程度验证量表的结构效度。②以性别、文理专业类别、是否学生干部、是否独生子女及是否家住乡村为自变量,以观点采择、同情关怀、幻想力和身心忧患四维度为因变量进行多元方差分析大学生同理心的特点。结果:436人的测试结果均纳入分析。①人际反应指针的验证性分析:各项指标均在0.90以上,近似均方根误差为0.052。②当代大学生同理心特点:男女大学生在身心忧患维度上差异有显著性(F=3.498);文理科学生在观点采择维度上差异有显著性(F=5.931);学生干部与非学生干部在幻想力、同情关怀两个一维度上差异有显著性(F=3.598,3.354);独生子女的大学生与非独生子女的大学生在同情关怀维度上差异有显著性(F=3.957);家住城镇与家在乡村的大学生在各维度上差异无显著性。性别与文理专业在观点采择维度存在明显交互作用;男女性别与是否独生子女在幻想力维度存在显著交互作用;是否干部与城乡学生在观点采择维度存在显著交互作用;文理专业类别与是否独生子女在幻想力、同情关怀维度交互作用显著;性别、文理专业和是否独生子女在幻想力维度交互作用显著。结论:同理心4个维度中,女大学生具有更高的同理心的情感成分,文科大学生善于从他人角度设身处地对他人情绪情感状态的认知与理解,干部大学生具有更多的同情与温暖他人的情绪反应的特点,非独生子女大学生少一些自我中心观念,更多一些为他人设身处地考虑问题。

AIM： To investigate the characteristics of empathy in college students, which can light on the positivistic study of empathy. METHODS： Between September and November 2004, 439 students, who were selected from a college in Jiangsu province by means of cluster sampling, were assessed with interpersonal reactive index （Taiwan revised edition）, which consisted of 22 items, including 4 factors of choice of viewpoint, sympathy, imagination, mental and physical apprehension. ① LISREL8.53 was used to analyze the verification of factor, the structural validity of the scale was verified with the and actual data. ② The characteristics fitting degree of theoretical model of empathy in university students were analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance taking gender, kinds of specialty （art or science）, cadre students or not, singleton or not and living in rural area or not as the independent variables, and taking the 4 dimensions of choice of viewpoint, sympathy, imagination, mental and physical apprehension and the dependent variables. RESULTS： The tested results of all the 436 cases were invovled in the analysis of results. ③ The verifing analysis of interpersonal reactive index： All the indexes were above 0.90, the approximate average root error was 0.052. ② Characteristics of empathy in modern college students： There was significant difference in the dimension of mental and physical apprehension between male and female students （F=3.498）; There was significant difference in the dimension of choice of viewpoint between students majored in arts and those in science （F=5.931）; There were significant differences in the dimensions of imagination and sympathy between cadre students and non-cadre ones （F=3.598, 3.354）; There was significant difference in the dimension of sympathy between singleton students and non-singleton ones （F=3.957）; All the dimensions had no significant differences between the students living in urban area and those in rural areas. Gender and specialty of art and science had obvious interactions in the dimension of choice of viewpoint; Gender and singleton or not had significant interaction in the dimension of imagination; Cadrestudents or not and living in urban areas had significant interaction in the dimension of choice of viewpoint; Specialty of art and science and singleton students or not had significant interaction in the dimensions of imagination and sympathy; Gender, specialty of art and science and singleton students or not had significant interactions in the dimension of imagination. CONCLUSION： In the 4 dimensions of empathy, female college students have more emotional element of empathy, students majored in arts are good at the recognition and understanding of others＇ moods from perspective of others, cadre-students have the characteristics of more sympathy and warm others＇ emotion, and the non-singleton college students have fewer ideas of self-centeredness, and more consideration to others.