离异家庭子女犯罪的心理特征与防范

Psychological characteristics and precaution of juvenile delinquents from divorced families

目的:离异家庭、缺陷家庭、不稳定家庭均给子女带来了心灵的创伤,不仅会遏制其智力、性格、情绪和社会性的良好发展、而且也会导致精神异常和心理变态甚至犯罪。资料来源:应用计算机检索万方数据库1997-01/2004-12期间的相关文献,检索词为“离异家庭”、“儿童心理健康”和“青少年犯罪”,限定语言类型为中文。另在江西师范大学教育学院的资料室里手工查找关于离异家庭方面的资料。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选择与离异家庭子女的心理健康和青少年犯罪方面相关的文章,筛除与内容要求无明显联系及重复性研究的文章。资料提炼:收集的32篇文章中,资料内容呈现不同程度重复的有21篇,给予删除,对其余的11篇文献进行分类整理,用于综述,其中的5篇被选为参考文献;另外,还参考名为《离异家庭子女心理》的书籍。资料综合:离异家庭的家庭环境对子女的成长有着很大的负面影响,导致其智力发育低下、情绪情感障碍、性格孤僻、古怪、不适应周围人群,常抱有敌意,进攻、仇视、喜恶作剧、捣乱等心理方面的不健康发展。也是导致青少年犯罪率增高的直接原因。减少和预防离异家庭子女的犯罪要家庭、学校、社会共同努力,同时帮助和教育已失足的离异家庭子女,培养健康的人格,也应得到全社会的关注。结论:离异家庭青少年的心理健康教育要多方位、多渠道地进行,需要家庭、学校、广大心理工作者和社会管理教育体系都来关心帮助这些孩子,使之能保持心理健康,幸福成长,才能从根本上减少青少年犯罪。

OBJECTIVE： Divorced family, defected family and unstable family can all bring about the psychological injury of the children. It cannot only restrain the better development of their intelligence, character, emotion and sociality, but also lead to the mental abnormality and metamorphosis. So it is necessary to pay attention to the psychological health and crime of children from divorced family. DATA SOURCES： An online search of Wanfang database was undertaken with computer to identify the relevant articles published from January 1997 and December 2004 by using the keywords of “divorced families, psychological health of children, juvenile delinquency”. Besides, the data about divorced family were manually searched in the reference room of the College of Education, Jiangxi Normal University. STUDY SELECTION： The data were checked preliminarily, and the articles about the psychological health of children from divorced families and juvenile delinquency were selected, those with unobvious association with the content and the repetitive studies were screened out. DATA EXTRACTION： Of the 32 collected articles, 21 repetitive ones to different degree were excluded, and the other 11 were summarized and classified for review, and 4 of them served as references. Besides, a book entitled Psychology of Children from Divorced Families was referred to. DATA SYNTHESIS： The environment of divorced family had great negative influence on the growth of children, even resulted in their unhealthy psychological developments, such as, intellectual underdevelopment, emotional disorder, aloof and queer character, inadapation to crowd, often full of hostility, aggression, like of practical joke and making troubles, which is the direct cause of the increased rate of juvenile delinquency as well. It needs the together efforts of family, school and society to reduce and prevent the juvenile delinquency of children from divorced family, and those who had taken a wrong step in his life should be helped and educated to culture their healthy character, which should arouse general concern. CONCLUSION： The psychological health education of the children from divorced family should be undertaken multi-directionally. Family, school, psychologists and social manage and education system should be united to help the children to keep their psychological health, and live happily, which can reduce juvenile delinquency fundamentally.