对戒毒者心理辅导的干预技术

Interventional technique of psychological guidance for drug addicts under treatment

目的:如何利用心理康复有效地帮助吸毒者戒毒,是心理学界非常感兴趣的课题。为更好地帮助更多的戒毒者摆脱毒瘾与心瘾,作者对戒毒心理辅导工作的经验进行分析,概括总结了常用有效的方法。资料来源:利用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1994-01/2005-01期间有关戒毒者心理康复干预的相关文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“戒毒,心理”。同时手工检索有关戒毒心理治疗的书籍。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取使用心理矫正或心理治疗手段进行戒毒的以及介绍戒毒的心理治疗方法的文献,必要时查找全文。资料提炼:共收集到47篇与心理康复干预戒毒有关的文献,排除重复性研究31篇,选择与主题最为相近的16篇文献。资料综合:总结戒毒心理康复工作中收到积极的成效的常用的方法。如纸笔绘画,意象对话技术,积极暗示,优点缺点自评,角色扮演,积极想象,经验再构等。概括介绍各种方法在心理辅导过程中的具体应用,并对其在应用过程中优缺点进行客观的评价。结论:在心理康复的过程中,帮助当事人建立戒毒心理,重塑自我,是使其戒断毒瘾的一个应被重视与强调的环节。

OBJECTIVE： How to help drug addicts give up the drug addiction effectively by means of psychological rehabilitation is a topic that psychological field is very interested in. In order to help the drug addicts under treatment get rid of drug addiction and psychological dependence, we analy＇zed the working experience of the psychological guidance, and summarized the commonly used effective methods. DATA SOURCES： An online search of China journal full-text database was undertaken with computer to search articles about the interventions of psychological rehabilitations for the drug addicts under treatment published in Chinese between January 1994 and January 2005 by using the keywords of “get rid of drug addiction, psychology”. Meanwhile, books about the psychotherapy for getting rid of drug addiction were searched manually. STUDY SELECTION： The data were checked preliminarily, the articles about getting rid of drug addiction by means of psychological correction and psychotherapy and those introduced the methods for its psychotherapy were selected, and the full-texts were scanned if necessary. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 47 articles about the interventions of psychological rehabilitation for getting rid of drug addiction were collected, 31 repetitive ones were excluded, and 16 close to the topic were selected. DATA SYNTHESIS： The commonly used positive and effective methods in the psychological rehabilitation for getting rid of drug addiction were summarized, such as drawing with paper and pencil, technique of image comaversation, positive suggestion, self-assessment of advantages and shortcomings, role playing, positive imagine, reconstruction of experience. The specific applications of the methods in the process of psychological guidance were generally summarized, and their advantages and shortcomings during the application were evaluated objectively. CONCLUSION： During psychological rehabilitation, we should help the clients make up their mind of getting rid of drug addiction, and remodel themselves, which are the key link for stopping drug addiction should be paid attention to and emphasized.