城市社区老年人健康促进生活方式及其影响因素调查

Health-promoting lifestyle and the influencing factors in elderly people of urban community

目的:调查城市社区老年人健康促进生活方式的状况,分析可能对其产生影响的因素。方法:选择2002-02/2003-09沈阳市社区家中的425名老年人为调查对象。一般资料:①男215名,女210名,年龄60-86周岁,平均(66.6±5.5)岁,<70周岁者285人(67.1%),≥70周岁者140人(32.9%)。②均已结婚,75人丧偶(17.6%),5人再婚(1.2%)。③教育层次不等,初中水平最多(35.3%)。④均已退休或离休,家庭人均月收入多<500元(58.8%)。调查项目:①运用简明智力量表调查老年人认知功能状态。②运用健康促进生活方式量表(自我实现、健康的职责、体育运动、营养、人际关系和压力处理6个分量表。按得分将健康促进生活方式分为4级:优秀、良好、一般和较差。每条目有4个等级项:1为从不,2为有时,3为经常,4为总是,级别越高,表示生活方式越好)在统一指导用语条件下对老年人生活方式的状况进行问卷调查。结果:发出调查问卷425份,回收问卷425份,回收率100%。①简明智力量表得分情况:10分325人(76.5%),9分65人(15.3%),8分35人(8.2%),全部受试者智力健全;②健康促进生活量表得分情况:自我实现、健康职责、体育运动、营养、人际关系和压力处理6个分量表得分指标分别为72.96%,58.55%,52.80%,76.71%,72.35%,64.28%。老年人的健康促进生活方式60%在良好及以上水平,营养处于良好及以上水平的占89.4%,体育运动处于一般和较差水平者占68.2%。③人口统计学特征分组下生活方式差异情况因婚姻状况和家庭收入不同而有差异。结论:城市社区老年人的健康促进生活方式总体水平较高,其中营养水平最高,婚姻状况和家庭收入是影响老年人生活方式的主要因素。

AIM： To investigate the status of the health-promoting lifestyle of elderly people of urban community, and analyze the possible influencing factors. METHODS： From February 2002 to September 2003, 425 elderly people in Shenyang community were involved in the study. General data： ①215 males and 210 females, aged 60 to 86 years with an average of （66.6±5.5） years, 285 cases （67.1%） were younger than 70 years old, and 140 cases （32.9%） were 70 years old and above; ②All the subjects were married, and 75 （17.6%） of them lost their spouses, and 5 （1.2%） were remarried. ③They had different educational background, most of them （35.3%） had the level of junior middle school. ④All the subjects were retired, and the monthly income of each family member was less than 500 yuan in most of them （58.8%）. Items of survey： ①The cognitive function status of the elderly people was investigated with short portable mental status questionnaire; ② With the unified instructions, the lifestyle status of the elderly people was surveyed with the health-promoting lifestyle profile, which included 6 subscales of self-realization, healthy responsibility, physical exercise, nutrition, interpersonal sensitivity and stress treatment; The health-promoting lifestyle was divided into 4 grades according to the scores： excellent, good, common and bad; Each item had 4 grades： 1 as never, 2 as sometimes, 3 as often and 4 as always; The higher the grade, the better the lifestyle. RESULTS： Totally 425 questionnaires were sent out, and 425 were collected back, the collection rate was 100%. ①The core of short portable mental status questionnaire： The score was 10 points in 325 cases （76.5%）, 9 points in 65 cases （15.3%）, and 8 points in 35 cases （8.2%）; All the subjects were healthy in intelligence. ②The score of health-promoting lifestyle profile： The score indexes of the 6 subscales of self-realization, healthy responsibility, physical exercise, nutrition, interpersonal sensitivity and stress treatment were 72.96%, 58.55%, 52.80%, 76.71%, 72.35% and 64.28% respectively. The health-promoting lifestyle was good and above in 60% of the elderly people, nutrition was good and above in 89.4% of them, and physical exercise was common and bad in 68.2% of them. ③Under grouping according to demographic characteristics, the lifestyle varied with the differences of marriage status and family income. CONCLUSION： The health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly people in urban community has a higher general level, and the level of nutrition is the highest. Marriage status and family income are the main factors that influence the lifestyle of elderly people.