思维结果的相同性及思维过程的相异性(英文)

Thinking: the same results from different processes

背景:思维结果可以相同,但思维过程不可能完全相同的现象是大脑复杂性的一种表现形式。目的:通过学生答卷分析思维结果的相同性及思维过程的相异性。设计:以河南科技大学医学院学生为观察对象,以生理学期末考试试卷为考查内容,对比分析,答案间差异性比较采用行×列表χ2检验。单位:河南科技大学医学院生理学教研室。对象:调查于2004-07/2004-11在河南科技大医学院生理学教研室完成。以河南科技大学医学院2003级300名进行生理学期末考试的在校大学生,男150人,女150人,年龄20～22岁。全部大学生均自愿参加。方法:以生理学期末考中的第一思考题为例。将得满分和得零分的试卷全部抽出,其中该题全对的42人(全对组),全错的49人(全错组)。按完全随机化的原则,两组分别随机抽取1份答卷,以该卷第一思考题的前10个字为对照,其余人均与此比较,相同的字计做1,不同的字计做0,计算相同字的字数与不同字的字数,比较其差异性。分别计算该题的总字数,观察其差异性。采用行×列表χ2检验分析答案间差异性。主要观察指标:全对组和全错组试卷答案前10个字间差异性比较结果。结果:①全对组42人和全错组49人均进入结果分析。②反映人纵向思维的测试结果:在得分相同的情况下,每个人答案的总字数不同。③反映横向思维过程测试结果:全对组第2～42个人答案的前10个字与第1个人答案的前10个字比较有明显差异(χ2=270.978,P <0.01);全错组第2～49个人答案的前10个字与第1个人答案的前10个字比较有明显差异(χ2=285.153,P <0.01)。结论:人与人之间纵向思维不同,横向思维过程也绝不相同性。

BACKGROUND： Different processes of thinking may lead to the same results, which represent one of the forms of the complexity of the human brain. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the similarity in the results of thinking and difference in the thinking process by means of questionnaires. DESIGN： A comparative analysis of the answers in the final term examination with the difference in answers analyzed by X^2 test with contingency table. SETTING： Department of Physiology, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology. PARTICIPANTS： This study was conducted between June and November, 2004, involving totally 300 volunteered second-year medical students （150 male and 150 female, aged 20-22 years） of the medical school of Henan Science and Technology University who took their final examination in physiology. METHODS： The first “question for thinking” in the final examination was taken as an example, and the papers with full score for this question （completely correct group, n=42） and zero score （totally wrong group, n=49） were chosen, from which one paper was randomly selected from each group. The first 10 words in the answer to the question was used as the control and compared with the answers of the other papers word by word. Each same word was given a score of 1 and otherwise a score of 0, and the number of the same words and different words were counted for comparison. Meanwhile the total words of the answer were also counted and cornpared. The difference in the answers was analyzed with X^2 test with contingency table. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The difference in the first 10 words between completely correct group and totally wrong group. RESULTS： Totally 42 students in the complete correct group and 49 in totally wrong group were included in the final result analysis. The number of the total words of the answer was different between the students in spite of the same scores. The first 10 words of the chosen paper in completely correct group was significantly different from those in the other 41 papers （X^2=270.978, P 〈 0.01）; there was also significant difference in the first 10 words between the chosen paper and the other 41 papers in totally wrong group （X^2=285.153, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Longitudinal thinking as well as lateral thinking processes are different between persons.