父母养育方式与犯罪青年人格障碍形成的关系

Parental rearing patterns associated with formation of personality disorder of young criminals

目的:探讨父母养育方式与青年罪犯人格障碍形成的关系。方法:选择江苏省某劳教所2003-11监狱内接受劳教的人员500人。由专业人员主持团体测试,由调查对象自行填写父母教养方式评价量表(该量表为子女评价的父母教养方式问卷,修订中文版共66个条目,包括6个父亲因子分和5个母亲因子分,信度和效度都较明显)和人格诊断问卷(第4版)(对问卷中的每题以“正确”或“错误”回答。回答“正确”将作为病理反应记分,分数越高表明人格障碍的症状越多)。人格诊断问卷(第4版)评分高于42分者,且以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准确诊人格障碍病例,设为人格障碍组。人格诊断问卷(第4版)评分低于42分者,且以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准确诊人格正常者,设为正常组。结果:发出问卷500份,收回回答规范、完整问卷427份。确诊的人格障碍组共113人,正常组314人。①父母教养方式评价量表各因子得分的比较:母亲的情感温暖、过度保护、偏爱、拒绝各因子得分均高于父亲(53.33±9.22,50.23±9.11;39.09±6.88,36.64±6.58;11.08±3.09,10.50±3.06;13.34±4.28,9.86±3.07),而惩罚、严厉因子得分低于父亲(13.52±4.39,19.62±5.60)。②父母教养方式评价量表各因子得分相关关系的分析:父母教养方式评价量表相同因子得分具有高度相关关系(相关系数>0.6);父母的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认都各自与对方的情感温暖呈低度负相关,父亲的偏爱与母亲的惩罚严厉也呈低度负相关(相关系数>0.1)。③人格障碍组与正常组父母教养方式比较:人格障碍组父母的情感温暖、理解因子分明显低于正常组(47.92±8.79,51.06±9.10;50.60±9.63,54.32±8.88),而惩罚、严厉和拒绝、否认因子得分显著高于正常组(22.25±6.31,18.66±5.00;11.32±3.59,9.33±2.67。15.44±4.87,12.83±4.00;14.61±4.62,12.88±4.06),父亲的过度干预、母亲的偏爱因子分也高于正常组(23.39±4.41,22.27±4.51;11.60±3.32,10.89±2.98)。结论:父母养育方式存在一定的分歧。父母教养方式的差异超出了一定限度,易造成子女心理冲突,难以获得心理和行为的同一,导致他们的社会行为出现偏差。有人格障碍罪犯父母明显存在高惩罚、严厉,高拒绝、否认与低情感温暖、理解以及父亲的过度干预、母亲的偏爱这样一种不良养育模式。父母的不良养育方式是犯罪青年人格障碍形成的危险因素。

AIM：To investigate the relationship of parental rearing patterns and the formation of personality disorder in young criminals.METHODS：Totally 500 criminals receiving re-education at a reeducation camp of Jiangsu province were selected in November 2003.Professionals arranged a team test.All the criminals personally filled the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran（EMBU） scale （a revised Chinese version of questionnaire about childer estimating their parents rearing patterns,including 66 items such as 6 paternal and 5 maternal factor scores with obvious reliability and validity） and personality diagnostic questionnaire-4 （PDQ-4,All the questions were answered as “true” or “false” .The “true” was marked as pathological response,and the higher the marks were ,the more were the symptoms of personality disorder）.After all the criminals were finally diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Ⅳ classifications,those whose scores of PDQ-4 higher than 42 points were in normal group.RESULTS：Totally 50 shares of questionnaires were delivered,among which normative and complete 427 were reclaimed,113 in personality disorder group and 314 in normal group.①In the comparison of factor scores of EMBU：The maternal scores of emotional warmth,overprotection,partiality and rejection were higher than paternal scores of those（53.33±9.22 vs 50.23±9.11,39.09±6.88 vs 36.64±6.58,11.08±3.09 vs 10.05±3.06,13.34±4.28 vs 9.86±3.07）,however the maternal score of punishment was lower than paternal score of that（13.52±4.39 vs 19.62±5.60）.②Correlative relationship of the factors in EMBU：Parental scores of the same factors were highly correlative with the correlation coefficient more than 0.6.Paternal and maternal scores of punishment,rejection and denial were in a highly negative correlation with each other,and paternal score of partiality was also in a highly negative correlation with maternal score of punishment.③Comparison of parental patterns between the two groups：The paternal and maternal scores of emotional warmth in the personality disorder group were obviously lower than those in the normal group（paternal：47.92±8.79 vs 51.06±9.10;maternal：50.06±9.63 vs 54.32±8.88）whereas the paternal and maternal scores of punishment,rejection and denial were remarkably higher in the former group than in the latter group （paternal punishment：maternal punishment：22.25±6.31 vs 18.66±5.00,rejection and denial：11.32±3.59 vs 9.33±2.67;maternal punishment：15.44±4.87 vs 12.83±4.00,rejection and denial：14.61±4.62 vs 12.88±4.06）,and the paternal score of over-interference and maternal scoer of partiality in the former group were higher than those in the normal group（23.39±4.41 vs 22.27±4.51,11.60±3.32 vs 10.89±2.98）.CONCLUSION：There is certain difference between the paternal and maternal rearing patterns.If the pattern difference exceeds a certain limitation between paternal and maternal rearing,it is easy to cause psychic conflict of children and difficult to achieve the coincidence of mentality and behavior,and thus induce the deviation of their social behaviors.The criminals with personality disorder receive bad rearing patterns including more parental punishment,rejection and denial,and less emotional warmth,paternal over-interference and maternal partiality-Inappropriate parental rearing pattern is one of risk factors of personality disorder in young criminals.