从市场失灵、市场失衡到国家干预——经济法研究路径的再反思

From Market Malfunction, Market Imbalance to the State's Intervention: Reflections on the Research Approaches to the Economic Law

作为新兴的部门法———经济法在理论与实务层面面临诸多问题。其中,首要的是从两条传统路径对经济法正当性的求证,即矫治市场失灵与追求实质公平出发,证明国家干预经济及其法律表现形式的经济法具备正当性。对此,学术界基本形成共识。但在这两条论证路径中可能忽视的问题是,国家干预的目标在于恢复效率与实现实质公平,国家对市场的干预不能替代市场机制本身。这一方面意味着国家的干预机制应当对市场失灵的具体表现形式进行具体分析,应当结合市场失灵的相关特点提供有针对性的市场化的解决机制;另一方面,在实现实质公平的过程中,应当注重效率与公平的有机结合,形成效率导向性的公平观。唯此,经济法才能更好地统携效率与公平,达致其论证理路的内在一致性。

Economic law, a new departmental law, faces many problems both in theory and in practice, of which the most important is the testimony of the justice of economic law. The relevant scholars share the same view that the two traditional research approaches, the adjustment of market malfunctions and the pursuit of real justice, aim at the testimony of the justice of the state＇ s intervention in its economy and its economic law. There is an ignored problem in these two traditional approaches, that is, the state＇s intervention aims at restoring efficiency and realizing real justice. However, the state＇s intervention in the market cannot replace the market mechanism itself. This means that on the one hand the state＇ s intervention should take the specific malfunctions into account and offer suitable solutions based on actual situations and on the other hand in the process of realizing real justice, the organic combination of realizing efficiency and justice to realize the efficiency - oriented jusrice. Only in this way can economic law expect to realize its internal theoretic unity.