捷克地浸采铀的污染问题及其思考

Problems and consideration of pollution related to Strá(?) uranium mine in Czech Republic

捷克斯特拉日(Straz)地浸铀矿山是一个有着25年(1971-1996年)采矿历史的老矿山。由于多种原因,地浸采铀对环境造成了较严重的污染,直接影响到当地居民的生存环境,如人、畜的饮用水被污染。本文重点介绍了斯特拉日铀矿地浸开采引起的环境变化、影响环境的污染物、污染范围、污染程度等。捷政府也因此制定了治污标准,并聘请国外专家、承包商为治污设计方案、治理模型。这对我国地浸铀矿生产具有重要的借鉴意义。

Straz uranium mine is a 25 years old in-situ leachable mine. Many factors in the in-situ leaching of uranium have caused severe pollutions to environment and directly affect the living condition to local residents, such as the contamination of drinking water sources. This paper mainly introduces the environmental changes resulted from the in-situ leaching of uranium, including pollutant, polluted range and level. To recover the environment, the government has taken remediation actions, such as setting up standard, inviting foreign experts and contractors to design remediation plan and models. The paper also makes some suggestions to hydrogeological work for the exploration of in-situ leachable uranium deposits in China.