作为第一哲学的实践哲学及其实践概念

Philosophy of Praxis as the First Philosophy and Its Praxis Definition

实践哲学的现代复兴是在哲学普遍危机的大背景下发生的。实践哲学不仅指示了哲学的出路,还体现了它的根本性质。要确立实践哲学作为第一哲学的地位,首先要明确规定“实践”概念的哲学含义。实践不同于生产劳动,它涉及人生的意义和价值,而后者只是满足人的欲望和需要。马克思正确地把生产方式看作是人一定的活动方式和生活方式,却没有充分说明这种生产方式本身的前提。非经济的实践不是从生产劳动中派生出来的,而是相反。亚里士多德将理论作为最高的实践的结果,他的第一哲学是形而上学,而不是实践哲学。因此,作为第一哲学的实践哲学必须超越亚里士多德,而不是回到亚里士多德。

The modern rehabilitation of philosophy of praxis happens in the context of the universal crisis of philosophy. Philosophy of praxis not only indicates the way out for philosophy, but also reflects its nature. In order to establish the status of philosophy of praxis as the first philosophy, we have to determine “praxis” philosophically. It is the praxis involving meanings and values of human life that differentiates it from productive labor which only satisfies human desires and needs. Marx regards the mode of production as the way of human activity and life, but fails to show its presuppositions. Non-economical praxis is not derived from productive labor. For Aristotie, the first philosophy is metaphysics, because he makes theory as the highest praxis. Therefore, philosophy of praxis as the first philosophy can not return to Aristotle, but must goes beyond him.