中国及邻近地区污染排放对对流层臭氧变化与辐射影响的研究

Researches on the Influence of Pollution Emission on Tropospheric Ozone Variation and Radiation over China and Its Adjacent Area

利用双向耦合的区域气候模式和大气化学模式系统, 研究了中国与邻近地区人为污染排放引起对流层臭氧变化和产生的辐射强迫.结果表明, 污染排放对对流层臭氧含量的影响有明显的季节变化, 对北方的影响不如南方显著, 西部的季节变化稳定且小于东部, 内陆污染地区各季节臭氧柱含量的变化量均较高.对整个模拟区域而言, 臭氧变化量的年平均值为30.928 DU, 春季最大为32.168 DU, 而空间分布变化在12～38 DU之间.臭氧变化量对北方地区辐射的影响较小, 而对低纬和华东地区影响较大, 臭氧变化量引起的晴空地气系统短波辐射强迫、长波辐射强迫的平均值分别是0.185 W·m-2和0.464 W·m-2, 标准化短波辐射强迫与净辐射强迫值为0.006 W·m-2·DU-1和0.021 W·m-2·DU-1.气候反馈过程对对流层臭氧含量的影响范围在-0.470～0.752 DU之间, 包含气候反馈过程的区域年平均臭氧变化量是30.942 DU.在气候反馈条件下, 臭氧变化量的短波和长波辐射强迫分别是0.249 W·m-2及 0.482 W·m-2, 标准化的短波与净辐射强迫值为0.008 W·m-2·DU-1和0.024 W·m-2·DU-1.臭氧变化量导致地表温度的变化范围在±0.80 K之间.

A coupling model of regional climate model and atmospheric chemistry model has been used to simulate increments of tropospheric ozone, radiation and climate effects of ozone which are caused by anthropogenic emission over China and the Indo-China Peninsula. The results have shown that the effects of pollution emission on tropospheric ozone have obvious seasonal variation. It is more notable in the south than the north. The seasonal variation is more stable in the west than the east. The increments of ozone content in every season are high in the polluted area. In the whole simulated area, the average increment of ozone is 30. 928 DU and the maximum is 32. 168 DU in spring. The in- crements of ozone vary spatially between 12 DU and 38 DU. The effect of ozone increments on radiation is little in the north and is large in the east and the low latitude area. The shortwave radiative forcing caused by ozone increments is 0. 185 W · m^-2 in clear sky and the value is 0. 464 W · m^-2 for longwave. The normalized shortwave radiative forcing is 0. 006 W · m^-2 · DU^-1 and the net radiative forcing is 0. 021 W · m^-2 · DU^-1. The ozone increments caused by climate response are between -0. 470 DU and 0. 725 DU , and the average value is 30. 924 DU in the area. The shortwave forcing of ozone due to climate response is 0. 249 W · m^-2 · DU^-1 , and the value is 0. 482 W · m^-2 · DU^-1 for longwave. The normalized shortwave radiative forcing is 0. 008 W · m^-2 · DU^-1 and the net radiative forcing is 0. 024 W · m^-2 · DU^-1. The ground temperature caused by ozone increments ranges from -0. 8 K to 0. 8 K.