中国已婚育龄人群未节育率及人口学和社会经济因素

The Contraceptive Non-use Rate a- mong Married Women at Reproductive Age and Relavent Demographic/Socialeconomic Determinants.

本文资料得自1992年开展的“中国计划生育管理信息系统首次调查”。该调查包括全国30个省、市(台湾省未包括在内),采用两阶段等比例抽样方法,总抽样比为3.29/万。调查总人口为385192人,其中已婚育龄妇女人数78873人。按已婚育龄妇女采用节育措施计算,全国总未节育率16.6％,其中汉族为16.5％。少数民族为31.4％。各省间未节育率差别很大,以西南和西北地区诸省最高。年龄别未节育率以15～19岁年龄组最高(72.2％),其次为20～24岁组(46.2％)。在无孩的已婚育龄妇女中未节育率最高(94.2％),其次为一孩妇女(14.8％)。未节育的主要原因是有指标待孕、哺乳和正在怀孕。因其他原因未避孕也是重要原因之一。农村社会经济发展状况对已婚育龄妇女采用节育措施有明显的影响,越是人均收入低的地区妇女未节育率越高,尤其是地处偏远和交通不便地区。同时,农村计划生育管理水平和服务可得性对妇女采用节育措施也有很大的影响。计划生育管理水平越差以及样本点距服务机构越远的地区妇女未节育率越高。因此,目前我国把计划生育工作的重点放在老、少、边、穷地区,并采取计划生育与当地脱贫致富相结合的方针无疑是一项极有远见卓识的人口学战略。

The data of this paper come from the First Survey of China Family Planning Managament Information System conducted in 1992. The survey which is a two-stage and equal proportional Sampling design covered 30 provinces and municipalities (Taiwan is not included). The overall sampling fraction is 3. 29 per ten thousand. The sample size is 385 192,among them,there are 78 873 married women at reproductive age. Based on the total contraceptive prevalence rate, we calculated out that the contraceptive ate in China is 16. 6%, of which Han nationality is 16. 5 %, minor nationalities is 31. 4%. The differences among provinces are very big, the highest are that of south western and north western provinces. Of different age groups, the highest is that of 15-19(72. 2%),the second highest is that of 20-24(46. 2%). Of different parities,the highest is that of married women without children(94. 2%),the second highest is that of married women with one child(14. 8%). The main reasons of not use contraceptive methods are waiting for pregnancies, brest-feeding and being pregnant. Not willing to take contraceptive method is also an important reason. The social-economic status in rural China also have great impacts on contraceptive use. The lower per capita income is,the higher contraceptive non-use rate,especially in the remote and mountainous areas. Meantime, the family planning management levels and the availability of services also have impacts on the prevalence of contraceptive use in rural areas. The worse the management is , the highercontraceptive non-use rate. So does the distance,if the areas are far away from the service stations, the non-contraceptive prevalence rates in those places would be higher. So we should emphasize the family planning progran in the old revolutionary, minor nationalities, remote,poor areas. To coordinate the family planning service with measure of getting rid of poverty has been proved a successful demographic strategy.