美国中间禁令探讨

Introduction to Preliminary Injunction in American

中间禁令是衡平法上重要的临时救济措施。中间禁令在诉讼实体问题判决前做出,目的是为了保持现状,防止原告不可挽回的损失。中间禁令发布时间紧急,涉及原、被告及公共利益,因此限制很多:首先需满足四项一般实质条件,其次原告需提供相应担保;另外为保证禁令的正确性还通过上诉程序和撤销或变更动议程序对禁令进行复查。为适应紧急性并保证程序正当,中间禁令实践上分为临时禁止令和初步禁令两步发布。这些显著特点值得我国研究和借鉴。

Interlocutory injunction is an important provisional equity relief in American law. Its sole purpose is to prevent the irreparable harm from happening to the petitioner by holding the status quo before the decision of the merits. Strictures are placed on its process by the necessity for speed and balance among the parties＇ and public interests. First, the four substantive requirements must be met; then bond is needed; and last there are two review procedures, i.e. appellate procedure and moving procedure, to assure its correctness. In order to accommodate the time urgency and secure the due process, two steps （TRO and preliminary injunction） are devised. All these features of the interlocutory injunction should be studied in and introduced to China.