《文心雕龙》的艺术标准

The Artistic Criteria concerning The Dragon Carved in the Heart of Literature

《文心雕龙》一书的艺术标准,就其大者而言,约有三点。一、执正驭奇。就是以儒家经典的雅正文风为基干,驾驭、运用楚辞以来奇变艳丽的文采。逐奇失正的文风,主要来自楚辞、汉赋和刘宋的山水文学,其艺术特点是文辞淫丽,追求夸张的描写与颠倒字句。为了纠正失正之病,必须宗法经书。在艺术上取法其风清、体约、文丽等优点,同时也酌情吸取楚辞以后作品的奇辞异采。二、文质彬彬。文质指文华与质朴,在文论中是指文章的风貌以及作家的总体风貌特征。刘勰认为文章应如经书那样,有文有质,文质彬彬。他对注意吸取经书营养的东汉文章,评价很高。三、遵循各体文章的基本规格。各种体裁文章,各有其正常的体制规格,必须遵守。对某些违反常规的作品和议论,刘勰举例加以批评。

The Dragon Carved in the Heart of Literature (《文心雕龙》) has fundamentally tree traits in the respect of the artistic criteria cherished by his author Liu Xie (刘勰). Firstly, it relies on the positive stylistic principles based on Confucian cannons while commanding and merging with the marvelous variety and the gorgeous literary grace coming from The Lyrical Words in Chu (楚辞) since, whose literary characteristics are extravagance and magnificence with frequent exaggerated descriptions and inversion of sentences. Secondly, being elegant and refined in manner, The Dragon Carved in the Heart of Literature is apt to absorb the merits of various classical works ordained by Confucius. Thirdly, it follows the basic specification of writings of various styles. Besides, Liu Xie has criticized some works which contradict the rules of literary composition.