新公共服务理论视野下公共哲学的话语指向——一种对“新公共服务”的解读

The Orientation of Public Philosophy in Eyeshot of the Theory of the New Public Service

公共行政学发展是在理论本身不断地反思批判和不断超越中走向成熟的。在对时下流行的新公共管理的反思批判中,美国学者丹哈特的“新公共服务”渐成体系并且论证了其对新公共管理超越的地方。新公共服务将理论视角聚焦到公共生活的主体——公民,而不再是“掌舵”的公共行政人员。公民具有相当的公共理性,这既是新公共服务潜涵的理论需求,也是公共哲学的一个基本主题,而公共理性基于最基本的公共生活事实和公共文化背景。从传统公共行政到新公共管理再到新公共服务的发展变迁中,蕴含着公共哲学话语转换的涵义,亦即公共哲学将从传统形而上高度向公共生活的经验层面转换的趋势。

The development of public administration tends towards mature in the process of rethinking, animadversion and transcendence of the theory itself. The American scholar Denhardt＇s “new public service” theory comes into a system and proves its transcendence compared with the new public administration. The new public service puts focus on the principal part of the public life, which is not public administrative agents who are “steering” but the citizens. The citizens＇ public sense is the connotative theoretical pursuit of the new public service, also the basic subject of the public philosophy. It bases on the basic facts of public life and the public cultural background. The vicissitudes from the traditional public administration to the new public administration to the new public service contains the discourse transform of public philosophy, that is, the tendency of public philosophy to change from the traditional metaphysical level to the experiential level of public life.