控释氮肥对棉花产量的影响及光合特性的研究

Effects of Controlled Release N Fertilizer on Photosynthesis Property and Yield of Cotton

在大田条件下,以普通尿素常规施肥量(N 150 kg.hm-2)为对照,研究了控释氮肥不同用量和不同施用方法对棉花光合特性和产量的影响,结果表明:控释氮肥处理可提高中后期棉叶叶肉细胞PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)和PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo),改善叶肉细胞的光合能力,提高叶片光合效率,从而提高群体光合效率,增加单株结铃数和铃重。和对照比,控释氮肥各处理子棉产量和肥效表现:(1)等氮量(施N 150 kg.hm-2)基施处理极显著增产10.3%,肥效提高10.2%;(2)等氮量(施N 150 kg.hm-2)1∶1基追施处理极显著增产22.5%,肥效提高22.4%;(3)施氮120 kg.hm-21∶1基追施处理极显著增产12.3%,肥效提高40.3%;(4)施N 120 kg.hm-2基施处理增产3.2%,肥效提高29.4%。

Effects of controlled release N fertilizer that was applied by different quantity and methods vs. Urea （N 150 kg·hm^-2）on photosynthesis property and yield of cotton had been studied in fields, so that the theoretical basis was provided for application and spread of controlled release N fertilizer expending in cotton production. The results showed that, the controlled release N treatment increased φPSⅡ and Fv/Fo in cotton leaves at bolling and boll opening stage, and enhanced CAP, boll number plant-1 and boll weight. Compared with CK , the seed cotton yield and fertilizer use efficiency of each treatment were as follow： （1） equal N （N 150 kg·hm^-2） used as base fertilizer increased seed cotton yield and N use efficiency by 10.3% and 10.2 %,respectively; （2） equal N （N 150 kg·hm^-2）used as base fertilizer and topdressing treatment （1：1） increased seed cotton yield and N use efficiency by 22.5% and 22.4%, respectively; （3） N 120 kg · hm^-2 with 1：1 base fertilizer and topdressing in creased seed cotton yield and N use efficiency by 12.3%and 40.3% , respectively; （4） N 120 kg·hm^-2 used as base fertilizer increased seed cotton yield and N use efficiency by 3.2% and 29.0%, respectively. In a word, cotton yield was increased in all the treatments of controlled release N fertilizer under this experimental conditions compared with CK, among which the highest yield was achieved by applying controlled release N fertilizer 150 kg·hm^-2 , half used as base fertilizer and half used as topdressing in early flowering stage.