棉花特异种质资源的创造与利用研究

Advances in Development and Utilization of Distinctive Genetic Resources in Upland Cotton

对棉花特异种质资源的类型、创造和培育方法及其在棉花研究中的应用情况进行了分析。采用人工诱变、航天搭载、组织培养、转基因技术和杂交等,创造和培育出了包括突变体、近等基因系、重组自交系、染色体变异体、同核异质系、加倍单倍体等在内的棉花特异种质资源,应用于棉花遗传研究、图谱构建、基因定位和功能基因组研究。提出了今后棉花种质资源研究和发展的关键是发掘新基因源、提高转基因效率以创造更多更有价值的特异种质资源。

The paper reviewed the methodlogy of developing creative germplasm and its usage in cotton research. Various varieties including mutants, near iso-gene lines, recombinant inbred lines, chromosome aberrance, isonuclear alloplasmic lines and doubled haploid population have been developed through different methods including physical and chemical induction, spaceflight carrying, tissue culture, transgenic technology, intraspecific and interspecific hybridization. The varieties above have been applied to genetic research, genetic mapping, gene location and functional genomics. It is proposed that the key of creation of more and valuable distinctive cotton germplasm is to develop new gene resources and to increase efficiency of gene transformation.