中日商品经济思想比较研究——以石门心学和清初实学为中心(下)

A Comparative Study on the Thoughts of Commodity Economy: Concentrated on Japanese Sekimon Shingaku and Chinese Shi - Xue of Early Qing Dynasty

日本江户时代商人思想家石田梅岩创立的“石门心学”,作为“町人之哲学”、“道德性实践之实学”,阐述“商人之道”,提倡“正直”、“俭约”的经济伦理,对日本商品经济和社会职业伦理的发展具有独特的理论贡献,被视为类似马克斯·韦伯提出的促发资本主义产生的“新教伦理”。与此大抵同时,中国清初南方的“三大启蒙思想家”和北方的“颜李学派”都提倡“实学”,前者提出“工商皆本”、“大贾富民者,国之司命也”之说,后者讲求“习行经济”之学,主张“本宜重,末亦不可轻”。然而,基于社会结构、制度基础与思想文化差异,中日经济思想对两国近代化的历史转型与社会发展产生不同的影响。开展两者的比较研究,有利于弥补迄今世界经济思想史大抵无东亚等缺憾。

During Tokugawa period in Japan Ishida Baigan established “Sekimon Shingaku”. It made a unique theoretical contribution to development of commodity economy and social occupational ethic in Japan, which is regarded as similar with Max Weber＇s “protestant ethic” that promoted capitalism in the West. Approximately meanwhile early Qing “three great enlightening thinkers” in southern China and “Yan - Li School” in northern China advocated “Shi - Xue”, in which the economic thought is the main part of it. They put forward new ideas about commodity economy and professional ethic. However, the Chinese and Japanese economic thoughts which were based on different economic systems and social cultures played different roles during two countries entered into modernization. Therefore, it is very important to develop a comparative study on economic thought of China and Japan. Moreover, the study is also important for changing the situation that the world history of economic thought seldom includes the part of East Asia so far.