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急性心肌梗死的研究进展 被引量:9

Advances in Research of Acute Myocardial Infarction
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摘要 在现实中,心肌梗死(MI)仍然是很常见而且致命的疾病,一旦出现心衰,死亡率升高3~4倍,而且远期死亡率会更高。ST段抬高的MI在大约90%的患者中是冠状动脉血栓栓塞的结果,非ST段抬高的MI典型的系由于基础冠状动脉狭窄处非闭塞性血栓所致。MI未能由首次心电图或首次检测心肌酶学诊断者占25%~35%,因此多次系列性检查甚有必要,MI早期心电图可仅有超极期的T波改变,在两个相邻导联上ST段抬高0.1mv是MI的高度敏感指标。新出现的左束支传导阻滞应高度怀疑MI的可能性。MI典型者可出现室壁异常活动区域,这一超声心动图征象不仅有助诊断,也有助判定受累的冠状动脉。血清CKMB和心肌肌钙蛋白T和I均为心脏特异性的标记物,其血清水平与病死率具有很强的相关性。MI理想的治疗包括:CCU中进行持续心电监护、吸氧、镇痛、卧床休息,应用阿斯匹林或合用氯吡格雷、低分子肝素和他汀类药,可降低MI患者死亡率,也降低心衰死亡率;ACEI与BABD合用硝酸脂类等联合治疗可显著降低MI死亡率;有适应症病例或者内科治疗失败患者,无疑应行冠状动脉血运重建术,早期溶栓后使再通率明显升高,支架术在降低狭窄上至少在大血管中应用已取得成功,急诊CABG仅适用介入术失败或多支病变患者。
出处 《心血管病学进展》 CAS 2005年第B08期86-92,共7页 Advances in Cardiovascular Diseases
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参考文献16

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共引文献25

同被引文献113

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