云南植烟土壤主要养分特征及在生产上的对策

Analysis on the Soil Nutrition and the Strategy on the Planting in Yunnan Province

2004年对云南省12个地州91个县的植烟土壤取样分析结果表明,土壤有机质和速效氮含量较丰富,有25.48%的土壤有机质含量超过了4%,78%的土壤速效氮含量在100 mg/kg以上;全省绝大部分土壤pH值在植烟的适宜范围,只有少数(约16.69%)的极酸或碱性土壤;土壤速效磷的含量从总体上看绝大部分植烟土壤较为适宜,但变异系数较大,均匀性较差,局部地区的磷含量过高或过低;土壤钾含量全省总的较丰富。在12个地州中,昆明、玉溪、大理、楚雄等老烟区的土壤养分较丰富,生产上施肥要适量控制;新烟区丽江和临沧的土壤养分也较高,应注意合理平衡施肥;土壤养分相对较贫乏的烟区如思茅在生产上需适量增加施肥量并注意各种肥料的合理搭配比例。

Soil samples were taken in 12 regions 91 counties of Yunnan province with random design. the results showed that the high soil organic matters and available nitrogen were found, 25.48% of the soil organic matters is over 4% and more than 78% the soil available nitrogen is over 100 mg/kg. Most soil pH is in an appropriate amount for the tobacco, only few （ 16.69% ） has the low or high value. Soil available P has the same results, but the C. V % is so greater, high or low value is found at some areas. For the soil available K, the result showed that soil available K is rich. For the soil nutrients of different areas, in general, nutrients of Si Mao area is less than other areas, and it means that fertilizer application is easy controlled. On the contrary, the long history planting areas such as Kunming, Yuxi, Dali and Chuxiong have rich soil nutrients and fertilizer application should be controlled. New planting area Lijiang also has the high soil nutrients and balance fertilizer application is commended.