新疆不同民族吸毒人群流行病学调查

The Epidemiological Analysis of the Different Nationalities Drug Abuse in Xinjiang

目的探讨新疆不同民族吸毒人群的人口学特征、艾滋病知识水平和心理状况。方法选择384名吸毒者、419名普通人群进行病例-对照研究,内容包括基本情况、艾滋病知识、吸毒情况、《信赖他人量表》和《自尊量表》。结果⑴吸毒人群平均年龄30.62岁,初次尝试毒品平均年龄23.31岁。⑵病例组艾滋病知识水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。⑶病例组曾经吸大麻、亲朋吸毒比例均高于对照组(P<0.05)。⑷在信赖他人方面非吸毒者比吸毒者有信心,维吾尔族吸毒者信赖他人得分高于其他民族吸毒者(均P<0.05)。⑸病例组自尊低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论吸毒人群是一个特殊的社会群体,心理方面与正常人群有明显差别,3个民族吸毒者之间也存在差异。在制定控制吸毒策略时应针对该人群的特点,采取有效细致的社会心理治疗,并重视高危人群的干预工作。

Objective To explore demographical characteristics, status of different nationality drug addicts in Xinjiang. Methods AIDS knowledge and the mental Status of 384 drug addicts （case group ） and 419 normal people （control group ） were investigated by questionnaire of AIDS knowledge, previous and current drug addiction： in faith in people scale and the self-esteem scale. Results （1） Mean age of drug addicts was 30.62 years old, mean age of the first time attempting drug was 23.31 years old. （1） Case group scored apparently higher in AIDS knowledge than control group（P 〈 0.05）. （3） The proportion of drug addicts ever taking Marijuana and the relative or friend drug taking were higher than that in the control group. （4） Control group are more confident in faith than the case group. The Uygur nationality drug addicts scored apparently higher in faith than the Uygur nationality normal people （P〈0.05）. （5） Drug addicts＇self-esteem was significant lower than that in the normal people（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Drug addicts are special social groups. There are many differences between heroin users and the normal population in psychological status. There are also many differences among three ethnic groups of drug addicts. Based on these differences, different strategies should be taken to control drug abuse including psychological treatment, especially on intervention of high risk group.