收入分配:一个从生产要素层面的分析框架

Income Distribution: An Analytical Framework on the Stratum of Productive Factors

收入分配差距已成为当今社会备受关注的问题。形成收入分配差距的原因多种多样,但是,最基本的因素是经济主体拥有生产要素资源的数量以及要素的报酬率。显然,要寻找收入分配差距的原因,首先必须从生产要素参与收入分配以及要素在各经济主体之间的分配这一源头上进行探索。生产要素参与分配有其微观动因、内在的分配过程以及特殊的分配方式;而研究要素分配问题,关注的是生产要素在各经济单位之间的分布情况、形成这种分布的原因以及这种分布对收入分配的影响。要素层面的分析,不仅能阐明不同阶层之间收入差距问题,更能有效地解释中国经济运行中城乡之间、地区之间以及部门之间的收入差距问题。

The disparity of income distribution has been an issue that is very much concerned in the contemporary society. The cause of this disparity varies, but the most basic factor is the quantity of the source of productive factors owned by the economical subject, as well as the reward rate of the factors. Obviously, in order to seek the reason of the disparity of income distribution, one must, first of all, investigate from the origin, such as the involvement of productive factor into income distribution, as well as the factor taking part in the distribution between the economical subjects. The involvement of productive factors in distribution has its micro cause, its innate distribution process, and particular forms of distribution. The studies of the distribution by factors concern the allocation of productive factors among the economical units, the cause of such allocation, and the influence of this allocation upon income distribution. The analysis on the stratum of factors can not only expound the disparity between different strata, but also give an effective explanation to the disparity of incomes between urban and rural areas, between dis- tricts, as well as between sectors in the operation of Chinese economy.