鲁中山区不同人工林土壤水分特征

Soil water characteristics of different artificial forest in mountainous area in the middle of Shandong province

为了解不同林分土壤水资源的变化规律,为北方石质山区植被恢复重建提供科学依据,在济南市南部山区圣泉寺林场内,以5种人工林分为研究对象,对其土壤物理结构和土壤水分特征进行了研究。结果表明:1)各种林分类型的土壤容重、孔隙度和渗透速率等表征土壤水文物理性质的指标,明显好于无林地,其中混交林好于纯林,刺楸纯林好于黄连木、栾树纯林。2)在旱季和雨季,随着土壤深度的增加,大部分林分土壤含水量呈现递减趋势,其变动幅度小于无林地。3)随着土壤深度的增加,各森林类型土壤饱和持水量逐渐减小;混交林表层土壤蓄水功能最好,其他林分各层次差异较小;在涵养水源和水分有效性方面,混交林优于纯林,纯林中以刺楸较好,栾树较差。在今后的森林经营中,首先考虑营造混交林分,树种组成以刺楸+黄连木较好,若营造纯林,应选择营造刺楸林分。

To find out the variant rule of soil water resources in different forests and then provide scientific basis for vegetation rehabilitation in rocky mountainous area of north China, soil physical structure and characteristics of soil water of five artificial forests are studied in Shengquan temple forestry center in the southem mountainous area of Jinan city. Results indicate that in these forest, some indexes expressing soil pedonydrologieal physical character, such as soil density, porosity and infiltration rate, are much better than those in bare land, and these characteristics show this order： mixed forest 〉 pure forest, Kalopanax septemlobus 〉 Koelreuteria paniculata and Pistacia chinensis. In dry and rainy season, with the increasing of soil depth, soil water content decreased in most of forests, and their variant range is less than that in bare land. With the increasing of soil depth, soil saturated water content decreased in all kinds of forests. Soil retention capacity of surface layer is the best in the mixed forest, while differences are little in other forests. Conclusions show that judging from water conservation and validity, mixed forest is better than pure forest, and in pure forest Kalopanax septemlobus is batter and Koelreuteria paniculata in worse. Therefore, it is proposed that in the future mixed forest should be afforested and managed firstly, the species being made up of Kalopanax septemlobus and Pistacia chinensis. In the pure forest, Kalopanax septemlobus should be selected.