黄丘5副区复兴流域不同治理措施的产流产沙规律

Rules of runoff and sediment generation under different measures in Fuxing watershed of the fifth sub-region in loess hully-gully region

以黄土丘陵沟壑区5副区的甘肃省定西市安定区复兴流域为平台,通过土壤入渗试验和径流观测,研究该区径流、泥沙的产生条件,据此确定合理布局水土保持措施,以减少流域侵蚀量。通过径流小区实验观测,各种下垫面的平均径流系数依次为:荒坡>坡耕地>乔木林地>灌木林地>人工草地;平均含沙率为:荒坡>坡耕地>人工草地>乔木林地>灌木林地;下垫面入渗能力依次为:梯田>林地>草地>荒坡地>村镇道路。改变微地形,布设拦蓄地表径流的工程措施,以及增加人工植被等,是提高土壤入渗能力、调控径流泥沙最为有效的途径。

Based on Fuxing watershed of Anding district in the fifth sub-region of loess hilly-gully region, by the soil infiltration experimentation and runoff observation, the generation conditions of runoff and sediment of this region are studied, according to which, rational planning of the measures of soil and water conservation are made to reduce watershed erosion. Through the runoff plots observation, the priority of the underlying surface average runoff coefficients is barren slope 〉 sloping field 〉 timber forest 〉 shrub forest 〉 artificial grassland, the priority of the average sediment concentration is barren slope 〉 sloping field 〉 artificial grassland 〉 timber forest 〉 shrub forest. The priority of the infiltration ability of underlying surface is terrace 〉 timberland 〉 grassland 〉 barren slope 〉 town road. The most available and effective measures of increasing soil infiltration ability and regulate the runoff and sediment is changing micro relief, disposing the engineering measures of impounding the surface runoff and increasing artificial vegetation.