严复与福泽谕吉智德观比较

Comparison of the Sense of Wisdom and Morality Between Yan Fu and Yukechi Fukujawa

严复与福泽谕吉是中日两国近代史上具有代表性的两位启蒙思想家,都提倡提高国民的素质,但又有所区别。同为“开民智”,严复有感于八股取士的腐朽,提出新式的教育理论和新型的人才培养机制,但却受限于政府主导一切的国民教育模式;福泽谕吉肯定明治以来政府日益完善的教育体制,倡导以学者为先导,学者、民众、政府三位一体的国民教育模式。同为“新民德”,严复始终处于中西学的矛盾之中,摈斥“天赋人权”;福泽谕吉却尽力引入西学,以求取代汉学在日本文化中的主体地位,所以热赞“天赋人权”。

Yan Fu and Yukechi Fukujawa, two outstanding initial thinkers in modern history of China and Japan respectively, both advocated improving national quality. To initiate people＇s wisdom, Yan Fu put forward new education system which was tied up by national education model characterized by the leadership of the government, while Yukechi Fukujawa confirmed the gradually improved education system since the Meiji reform and advocated national education system which was guided by scholars. To bring forth the new morality of people, Yan Fu was always in the contradiction between Chinese and western learning and rejected innate rights of man, while Yukechi Fukujawa praised innate rights of man enthusiastically and tried to introduce western culture to replace the dominate role that Chinese culture played in Japanese culture.