隐喻相似性及其认知研究

Metaphorical Similarity and Its Cognitive Study

相似性是隐喻的基础,也是隐喻区别于其他相关语言用法的重要条件。隐喻相似性依赖于客观世界和主观认知之间的互相作用,是可以创造的。在隐喻中,相似性的映射方向可以从具体域到抽象域,也可以从抽象域到具体域,还可以从具体域到具体域或是从抽象域到抽象域。按照相似性认知过程中主客观所起作用的大小,相似性可以分为物理相似性和心理相似性。

Similarity is the basis of metaphors and an important feature distinguishing them from other related linguistic usages. Being the result of the interaction between the objective world and the subjective cognition, metaphorical similarity can be created. Mapping of similarity can be done from the concrete domain to the abstract domain and vice versa, as well as from the concrete domain to the concrete domain or from the abstract domain to the abstract domain. Similarity falls into two categories： physical and psychological, according＇to the relative contribution of the subject and the object in its recogition or creation. An attempt is made to illustrate the cognitive nature of metaphorical similarity by expounding the above features.