特殊副词“相”的历史流变及其用词特点

The Evolution and Character of Adverb“相”

“相”是古汉语中常见的一个重要虚词。从战国到西汉初期,“相”作为副词使用已相当普遍,主要表“互相、递相、相与”义。春秋战国时期,“相”字的偏指用法,处在萌芽阶段,公元一世纪前后,有所发展。汉末至魏晋六朝,是偏指“相”字迅速发展、成熟阶段。而在具体运用中,副词“相”作为“互相”义和偏指一方的用法在语法功能上存在异同。

“相” was a common empty word in ancient Chinese, which was widely used from the beginning of Zhanguo to Xihan. It mainly contained the meaning of “互相,递相,相与”. During “Chunqiu Zhanguo” period, its usage of only referring one side was in the rudimentary stage. To surrounding AD 1 century, the evolution made a little progress. However, it developed rapidly and reaches mature from the end of Han to Wei Jin Liu Chao. While in real application the adverb “相” functiolas both the same and differently when it means “互相” and only referring one side.