花生四个产量性状的不完全双列杂交分析

Incomplete Diallel Crossing Analyses of Four Yield Traits in Peanut

用8个花生品系及其组配的16个不完全双列杂交组合的F 1～F 4代,研究了单株果重、饱果数、百果重、出仁率4个产量性状的配合力、杂种优势和遗传力.结果表明:①4个性状在F 1～F 4各世代的配合力变异都极显著,且在F 1代变异最小,单株果重和百果重在不同世代的配合力不一致;②杂种优势在出仁率上表现为负向优势,且世代间差异较小,在其他3个性状上则表现为正向优势,且在各世代表现不一致,F 2、F 3、F 4代较F 1代有不同程度的衰退;③单株果重遗传力较弱,各世代遗传力最大为0.4860(h 2 2,3),饱果数、百果重和出仁率遗传力较强,均达到显著或极显著,各世代遗传力最大分别为0.7416(h 2 2,3)、0.9359(h 2 3,4)和0.8693(h 2 3,4).

Sixteen combinations were made with 8 peanut strains by incomplete diallel crossing. With F1～F4 generation of the combinations and their parents as materials, the combining abilities, heterosis and heritabilities of pod yield per plant, mature pods per plant, 100-pod weight and shelling percentage were analysed. The results indicated that： ①variances of the combining ability of each trait in each generation were significant at 0.01 level and least in F1 generation; ②the mid-parent heterosis in pod yield per plant, mature pods per plant or 100-pod weight was positive and inconsistent between generations, but negative in shelling percentage and the difference between generation little; ③ the heritability of pod yield per plant between generations was weak and it＇s maximum was 0.4860（h^2 2,3 ）, and that the heritability of mature pods per plant, 100-pod weight and shelling percentage were strong, significantly different at 0.05 or 0.01 level and their maxima were 0.7416（h^2 2,3）, 0.9359（h^2 3,4 ） and 0.8693（h^2 3,4 ） respectively.