清代满文官刻图书发展述略

Brief Introduction of Official Carved Books in Manchu Language

清代满族统治者为了维护和巩固对汉族的统治,把满语满文定为国语国文,企图在全国实行满语满文化,在这样的背景下,官方刊印了大量的满文图书。与其他少数民族相比,满文官刻图书异常发达。但随着历史的发展,在汉族经济文化的强大动力下,满族汉化非常严重,满语满文不仅没有占据统治地位,反而被汉语汉字所替代,满文官刻图书从鼎盛走向了衰落,语言渗透宣告失败。

The Manchu rulers in Qing Dynasty stipulated Manchu Language as the national language in order to safeguard and strengthen the domination over Han nationality, attempted to pursue Manchu language and Manchu culture throughout the whole nation. A lot of books in Manchu language were thereby published, and official carved books in Manchu language were in full flourish at that time. However, with the economic development, influenced by Han nationality＇s economy and culture, Manchu language and its characters had replaced by Chinese language and its characters instead. Thereafter official carved books in Manchu language developed from its prime to decline, which marked the osmosis of language was a failure.